Opportunistic diseases in patients with HIV infection in the intensive care unit

Кожевникова, Г М; Voznesenskiy, S. L.; Ermak, T N; Петрова, Е В; Golub, V P; Barysheva, I V

doi:10.26442/terarkh2018901113-17

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In relation to CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load, one study showed that the monitoring of these two parameters provided useful information for improving life expectancy, but that the monitoring of viral load was a better predictor of HIV/ AIDS progression (22) . The most common opportunistic diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis, neurotoxoplasmosis, esophageal candidiasis and Pneumocystys jiroveci pneumonia, in agreement with other studies (23)(24) . As for the reasons that led patients with AIDS to be admitted to the ICU, respiratory failure, sepsis, neurological changes and renal failure were the most noteworthy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The chance of a person with HIV to develop tuberculosis is 30 times higher when compared to people without the virus, because in these patients there is a serious progression of the disease, and ICU admission is often necessary (25) . Acute respiratory failure caused by opportunistic infections accounts for 25 to 50% of ICU admissions of patients with AIDS (26) , being the most common cause of hospitalization (9) , with Pneumocystys jiroveci pneumonia as the main cause (23,27) . However, severe sepsis is the most important risk factor for mortality in patients with AIDS (7) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted in Russia, the most frequently observed opportunistic infections were cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis pneumonia, esophageal candidiasis, tuberculosis and cerebral toxoplasmosis. The non-AIDS-related causes were chronic hepatitis C and the mixed form of chronic hepatitis with complications of cirrhosis (23) . Opportunistic infections are still the main cause of hospitalization of people with AIDS in the ICU, mainly in low-and middle-income countries, with non-adherence to ART or without access to health care services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the mathematical model used showed a protective association, however, no other studies were identified to confirm these findings. The literature shows that fungal infections are rarer compared to bacterial infections, but are increasing in the ICU, and immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk (17,23) . Fatigue and fever are common symptoms, and the nurses who work in the ICU to be vigilant in identifying patients at risk and to promote timely and appropriate treatments for fungal infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality, survival and prognostic factors of people with AIDS in intensive care unit

Cunha

Lima

Lopes

et al. 2021

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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Objective: To analyze mortality, survival and prognostic factors of patients with AIDS in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Method: Retrospective cohort study with a sample of 202 patients with AIDS in ICU, whose sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics were obtained from medical records and assessed. Results: Patients were mostly male (73.8%) and drug users (59.4%), with no regular health follow-up (61.4%) and no adherence to antiretrovirals (40.6%), presenting low CD4+ T lymphocyte count (94.0%) and high viral load (44.6%). The main causes of hospitalization were sepsis and respiratory and renal insufficiency. The mean duration of hospitalization was 11.9 days (p = 0.0001), with a 41.6% survival; 58.5% died in the ICU. Sepsis upon admission (p < 0.001), pressure injury (p = 0.038), sexual exposure (p = 0.002), high viral load (p = 0.00001) and prolonged hospitalization (p < 0.001) increased the risk of death. Conclusion: Most patients had no regular health follow-up, were drug users and presented low CD4+ T lymphocyte count and high viral load. The high mortality indicated that antiretroviral adherence is essential to reduce viral resistance, opportunistic diseases, and mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mortality, survival and prognostic factors of people with AIDS in intensive care unit

Cunha

Lima

Lopes

et al. 2021

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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“…Quando se trata de pacientes que são imunocomprometidos, como é o caso dos indivíduos que são acometidos pela síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) e pela tuberculose (TB), esta preocupação é ainda maior, visto que as infecções oportunistas podem atrasar o tratamento e, em situações mais graves, levar o paciente à óbito 5 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Condição oral de pacientes imunocomprometidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Tejo¹,

Andrade²,

Ferreira³

2021

Arch Health Invest

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Introdução: As alterações na saúde oral dos pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva podem repercutir na condição sistêmica do paciente devido à instalação de processos patológicos como a cárie e a doença periodontal. Objetivo: Avaliar a condição oral de pacientes imunocomprometidos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Clementino Fraga. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, documental e de corte transversal que foi realizado no Serviço de Arquivamento Médico e Estatístico (SAME) do referido hospital. A amostra foi obtida de forma não-probabilística, sendo constituída por 80 prontuários de pacientes com idades entre 9 e 86 anos. As informações obtidas foram registradas em um instrumento de coleta de dados para posterior tratamento estatístico no Statistical Package for Social Sciences – SPSS. Resultados: Entre os participantes da pesquisa, 57,5% possuíam a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, 21,3% possuíam tuberculose e 21,3% apresentavam a associação das duas. As condições orais mais prevalentes foram: lábios ressecados (88,85%), língua saburrosa (87,55%) e biofilme com conotação 01 em 33,8% dos pacientes. Além disso, 68,8% apresentam gengiva hiperplásica, 26,3% tinham gengivorragia e 46,3% dos pacientes apresentavam sangramento de origem bucal. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram que a maior parte das alterações bucais observadas poderiam ser prevenidas por cuidados odontológicos básicos, o que confirma a importância da integração do cirurgião-dentista às equipes multiprofissionais das UTIs hospitalares.

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Exploring salivary metabolome alterations in people with HIV: towards early diagnostic markers

Du,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a critical global health issue, with a pressing need for effective diagnostic and monitoring tools.MethodologyThis study explored distinctions in salivary metabolome among healthy individuals, individuals with HIV, and those receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Utilizing LC–MS/MS for exhaustive metabolomics profiling, we analyzed 90 oral saliva samples from individuals with HIV, categorized by CD4 count levels in the peripheral blood.ResultsOrthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and other analyses underscored significant metabolic alterations in individuals with HIV, especially in energy metabolism pathways. Notably, post-HAART metabolic profiles indicated a substantial presence of exogenous metabolites and changes in amino acid pathways like arginine, proline, and lysine degradation. Key metabolites such as citric acid, L-glutamic acid, and L-histidine were identified as potential indicators of disease progression or recovery. Differential metabolite selection and functional enrichment analysis, combined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and random forest analyses, pinpointed potential biomarkers for different stages of HIV infection. Additionally, our research examined the interplay between oral metabolites and microorganisms such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), bacteria, and fungi in individuals with HIV, revealing crucial interactions.ConclusionThis investigation seeks to contribute understanding into the metabolic shifts occurring in HIV infection and following the initiation of HAART, while tentatively proposing novel avenues for diagnostic and treatment monitoring through salivary metabolomics.

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Opportunistic diseases in patients with HIV infection in the intensive care unit

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Mortality, survival and prognostic factors of people with AIDS in intensive care unit

Mortality, survival and prognostic factors of people with AIDS in intensive care unit

Condição oral de pacientes imunocomprometidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Exploring salivary metabolome alterations in people with HIV: towards early diagnostic markers

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