Opportunistic control of fractal‐based MIMO antenna for sub‐6‐GHz 5G applications

Abstract

Summary The proposed research work is on fractal MIMO antenna with microstrip feeding for lower sub‐6 GHz. The design construct's goal is to improve the isolation among the patches and is constructed with a combination of circular strip and rectangular strip slots, and rectangular slots are introduced on the ground plane. The fractal‐shaped MIMO structure composes of FR‐4 material and compact size of 25 × 35 mm2. The current 2 × 1 fractal MIMO radiator resonates at a frequency 3.5 GHz for lower sub‐6‐GHz applications with directional radiation patterns. In this structure, the performance characteristics of design antenna parameters like S‐parameters, surface current distributions, and radiation pattern of the fractal MIMO radiator are investigated. In addition to antenna parameters, MIMO parameters like diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity loss (CCL), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and time‐domain analysis parameters are also evaluated. It has been observed that the MIMO parameters of the antenna are in the acceptable range. Fractal‐based prototype MIMO structures are fabricated as well as tested for effective radiation and impedance. The improvised MIMO design that's been installed on a printed circuit board with connector, device housing, compact size, and various types of housing shows better performance compared to the conventionally designed antennas.

A Novel Densely Packed 4 × 4 MIMO Antenna Design for UWB Wireless Applications

“…A desirable CCL value for data transmission is 0.4 bits/sec/Hz [22]. Equations ( 3)-( 5) illustrate the fundamental variables that influence how the suggested design will ultimately respond to the CCL [23].…”

“…These techniques include DGS (Defected Ground Structure) [7], stub loading [8,9], NLs (Neutralization lines), isolators with metamaterials [10], and parasitic materials [11,12]. Numerous works have been reported in the literature that simultaneously addresses compactness and mutual coupling [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

A novel arc‐shaped four‐port wideband (21.8–29.1 GHz) MIMO antenna with improved characteristics for 5G NR networks

“…This requires the use of new materials and manufacturing processes to design and produce these antennas. Printed MIMO antennas have drawn the attention of antenna research community for applications in various wireless communication systems including lower sub‐6GHz 5G systems 4–7 . Various studies have been conducted in recent years to develop printed MIMO antennas suitable for wireless communication applications.…”

“…Printed MIMO antennas have drawn the attention of antenna research community for applications in various wireless communication systems including lower sub-6GHz 5G systems. [4][5][6][7] Various studies have been conducted in recent years to develop printed MIMO antennas suitable for wireless communication applications. For example, a four-port miniaturized MIMO antenna covering a wideband starting from 1.71 to 3.94 GHz is applicable for wearable biotelemetric devices.…”

Optimized planar printed UCA configurations for OAM waves and the associated OAM mode content at the receiver

“…Despite some controversial discussions, OAM waves are, besides other applications, seen as enablers of further increase in a hybrid optical/wireless communication system capacity and transmission data rates. [1][2][3][4] Along with other component and system design approaches, [5][6][7][8][9][10] the use of OAM waves could help fulfill the key requirements of 5G and beyond 5G networks. In 5G networks, an increase in system capacity by two to three orders of magnitude is demanded to support the massive growth in data transmission, enabling the enhanced mobile broadband communications and human-to-machine and machine-to-machine communications, along with ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.…”