Opioid-Related Harms in Canada

Grywacheski, Vera; O'Connor, Shannon M.; Louie, Krista

doi:10.12927/hcq.2018.25430

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Moreover, RDU-only or co-occurring depression and RDU were associated with increased incidence of emergency department (ED) visits 12. Previous observational study showed that opioid poisonings led to 16 hospitalisations per day in Canada 13. In the same study, it was found that substance use also increased ED visits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the same study, it was found that substance use also increased ED visits. Over the last 5 years, heroin or synthetic opioid poisonings increased the number of ED visits by 10-fold in Alberta, whereas in Ontario, ED visits increased fourfold and doubled due to heroin and synthetic opioid poisonings, respectively 13. A study investigating substance use and intimate partner violence (IPV) showed that cocaine use was associated with IPV among Black men who have sex with men 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol

et al. 2019

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IntroductionPrevious research demonstrated that substance use continues to be one of the most complex and prevalent problems among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people. A number of studies were conducted to characterise substance use patterns in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first known review in Canada characterising substance use disorders on ACB people.This scoping review seeks to answer the following research questions: What characterises substance use disorders among ACB people in Canada? What are the different types and prevalence of substance use among ACB people in Canada? Do ACB people in Canada use more than one substance? What factors are associated with substance use among ACB people in Canada? What are the health and social impacts of substance use in ACB people in Canada?Methods and analysesThis study will use the methodological framework for scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We will search electronic bibliographic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will limit our search to English articles published between 2000and2019. In addition, we will conduct a grey literature search. Two investigators will independently screen citations and full-text articles. Our findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews guidelines. We will provide a descriptive summary of the studies and summarise the findings with respect to the outcomes and report any gaps that might require further investigation.Ethics and disseminationOur proposed study does not involve human participants; therefore, research ethics approval is not required. This study will provide evidence that will inform the development of strategies for appropriate interventions, as well as policy and further research. The results will be disseminated through publications in open access peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific meetings and to the lay public.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, Canada is the second-largest consumer of prescription opioids in the world after the US, with approximately 4,000 deaths due to opioid poisoning in 2017 alone [ 23 ]. Youth’s opioid-related ED visits have increased by almost 50% in Ontario between 2012–2013 and 2016–2017 [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of repeated emergency department visits among adolescents and young adults for substance use: A repeated cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Emergency Department (ED) visits for substance-related concerns among young people have been increasing in recent years. Understanding the factors related to repeated ED visits (two or more ED visits per year) for substance use concerns among young people is critical to developing a more efficient mental healthcare system that does not overburden ED and that provides efficient care for substance use patients. This study examined trends of substance use-related ED visits and factors related to repeated ED visits (two or more ED visits per year, in comparison to one ED visit per year) among adolescents and young adults (aged 13 to 25 years) in the province of Ontario, Canada. Binary logistic regression models were conducted to examine associations between hospital-related factors (hospital size, urbanicity, triage level, ED wait time) and visit status (2+ vs 1 ED visit/year), controlling for patient characteristics (age/sex). A population-based, repeated cross-sectional data over a 10-year period (2008, 2013, and 2018) was used. The proportion of substance use-related repeated ED visits significantly and consistently increased in the year 2013 and 2018 compared to 2008 (2008 = 12.52%, 2013 = 19.47%, 2018 = 20.19%). Young adult, male, medium-sized hospital, urban location, wait times longer than 6 hours, and symptom severity was associated with increased numbers of repeated ED visits. Furthermore, polysubstance use, opioid use, cocaine use, and stimulant use were strongly associated with repeated ED visits compared with the use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol and sedatives. Current findings suggest that repeated ED visits for substance use concerns could be reduced by policies that reinforce evenly distributed mental health and addiction treatment services across the provinces in rural areas and small hospitals. These services should put special efforts into developing specific (e.g., withdrawal/treatment) programming for substance-related repeated ED patients. The services should target young people using multiple psychoactive substances, stimulants and cocaine.

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“…1,2 Canada is less affected but has its share of responsibility being the 2nd largest opioid prescriber. 3,4 In the province of Quebec, the opioid problem remains relatively low compared to the rest of Canada, especially when compared to British-Colombia (9,4 vs 25 opioid-related hospitalizations/100 000 habitants) 5 . Both preventing the problem from worsening and improving the current situation rests in large part with surgeons as regular prescribers of opioids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids use after uro-oncologic surgeries in time of opioid crisis

Turcotte

Jacques

Tremblay

et al. 2022

CUAJ

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Introduction: Recent literature emphasizes how over-prescription and lack of guidelines contribute to wide variation in opioid prescribing practices and opioid-related harms. We conducted a prospective, observational study to evaluate opioid prescriptions among uro-oncologic patients discharged following elective in-patient surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent four surgeries were included: open retropubic radical prostatectomy, robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The primary outcome was the dose of opioids used after discharge (in oral morphine equivalents [MEq]). Secondary outcomes included: opioid requirements for 80% of the patients, management of unused opioids, opioid use three months postoperative, opioid prescription refills, and guidance about opioid disposal. Results: Sixty patients were included for analysis. Patients used a mean of 30 MEq (95% confidence interval 17.8–42.2) at home and 80% of the patients used 50 MEq or less. A mean of 40.4 MEq per patient was over-prescribed. Fifty percent of the patients kept the remaining opioids at home, with only 20.0% returning them to their pharmacy. After three months, 5.0% of the patients were using opioids at least occasionally. Three patients needed a new opioid prescription. Forty percent reported having received information regarding management of unused opioids. Conclusions: We found 60% of opioids prescribed were unused, with half of our patients keeping these unused tablets at home. Our results suggest appropriate opioid prescription amounts needed for urological cancer surgery, with 80% of the patients using 50 MEq or less of morphine equivalents.

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Opioid-Related Harms in Canada

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol

Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol

Trends of repeated emergency department visits among adolescents and young adults for substance use: A repeated cross-sectional study

Opioids use after uro-oncologic surgeries in time of opioid crisis

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