Opioid receptors

McDonald, John; Lambert, DG

doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mki004

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Supraspinally, when administered intracerebrovascularly it is thought to produce a pro-nociceptive anti-analgesic effect, owing to an inhibition of endogenous opioid tone. 3,9 …”

Section: Opioid Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic opioid pharmacology: an update

Pathan

Williams

2012

British Journal of Pain

477

323

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Opioids are a group of analgesic agents commonly used in clinical practice. There are three classical opioid receptors (DOP, KOP and MOP), while the novel NOP receptor is considered to be a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family. Opioids can act at these receptors as agonists, antagonists or partial agonists. Opioid agonists bind to G-protein coupled receptors to cause cellular hyperpolarisation. Most clinically relevant opioid analgesics bind to MOP receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system in an agonist manner to elicit analgesia. Opioids may also be classified according to their mode of synthesis into alkaloids, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds.

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“…Supraspinally, when administered intracerebrovascularly it is thought to produce a pro-nociceptive anti-analgesic effect, owing to an inhibition of endogenous opioid tone. 3,9 …”

Section: Opioid Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic opioid pharmacology: an update

Pathan

Williams

2012

British Journal of Pain

477

323

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is now understood that morphine and other opioid drugs act on an endogenous opioidergic system, which is not only involved in setting pain (nociceptive) threshold and controlling nociceptive processing, but also participates in modulation of gastrointestinal, endocrine and autonomic function, as well as a possible role in cognition (Trescot et al;McDonald & Lambert, 2005). Morphine, a narcotic, directly affects the central nervous system.…”

Section: Opioids-morphinementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Placental Epigenetic Changes due to Morphine Consumption

et al. 2016

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KAZEMI, M.; TEKIEH, E.; GOLABI, S. & SAHRAEI, H.Evaluation of placental epigenetic changes due to morphine consumption. Int. J. Morphol., 34(1):252-261, 2016. SUMMARY:Based on previous studies, a variety of bioenvironmental elements including inappropriate nutrition, diseases, infections, stressors, and medications are involved in epigenetic changes. Drug abuse is one of the most important causes of epigenetic changes and a concern in today's world. Studies have shown that morphine use by pregnant mothers causes several disorders in mothers in addition to transferring abnormalities to the next generation (placenta and embryo). Epigenetic factors such as morphine cause changes in gene expression in placenta as the first embryonic defense barrier. Because placenta does all the nutritional exchanges between mother's and embryo's blood, placental health guarantees normal embryonic development. Many studies have been conducted on defects caused by epigenetic factors including medication use. Opioid abuse including morphine abuse has endangered health of many people. Morphine changes gene expression by binding to opioid receptors on placental villi. Based on the studies, major epigenetic changes due to drug use are mediated by DNA methylation and histone changes. Recognizing different epigenetic factors and their effect on placental and embryonic development is among modern studies. The importance of recognizing epigenetic changes caused by drug abuse by pregnant mothers can be the most important way to prevent adulthood diseases in the embryo and in some cases miscarriage. Changes induced by epigenetic factors can be moderated or reversed by controlling the epigenetic factors. This study is a review of changes caused by morphine use by pregnant rats on development of placenta.

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“…This endogenous ligand is similarly derived from a precursor compound, in this instance from the polypeptide precursor pre-pro-nociceptin. Though the N/OFQ/NOP system does not bind naloxone, nor are its effects reversed by naloxone, it is a G-protein coupled receptor system that shares a marked similarity to the known amino acid sequences of the classical opioid receptors (the NOP receptor shows 80% homology to the KOP receptor) 1,7 . At a cellular level N/OFQ acts to produce similar actions to those described for the classical opioid receptors above.…”

Section: Opioid Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spinally N/OFQ has been shown to produce analgesia and hyperalgesia, dependent upon the administered concentration, and allodynia. Supraspinally when administered intracerebrovascularly it is thought to produce a pro-nociceptive anti-analgesic effect, due to an inhibition of endogenous opioid tone 1,8 . Binding of an opioid agonist to a G-protein coupled opioid receptor on the transmembrane portion of the receptor causes the α subunit of the G-protein to exchange its bound guanosine diphosphate (GDP) molecule with intracellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP).…”

Section: Opioid Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%