Opioid-like peptides and ghrelin mitigation of bariatric results depends on obesity level

Abstract

Introduction: Bariatric surgery, as the only effective treatment of obesity, has strong effects on the metabolism, and nervous and endocrine systems. Thus, based on the different opinions about the efficaciousness of morbid obesity treatments, the aim of the present study was to estimate the association of serum ghrelin and Met-enkephalin (native, five amino acids and cryptic, precursor of enkephalin) concentrations with body mass index (BMI) value in bariatric patients within 30 postoperative days. Material and methods: The study was performed on 38 female patients divided into two groups: I -BMI lower than 40 kg/m 2 (n = 18) and II -BMI higher than 40 kg/m 2 (n = 20). Blood was taken before (-24 h), and 72 h and 30 days after the sleeve gastrectomy. Routine haematological, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), ghrelin, and Met-enkephalin values were measured in all patients. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups before the surgery in terms of TSH, both forms of Metenkephalin, triglycerides concentrations, and activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGTP), and C-reactive protein (CRP). After 72 h, the serum levels of cryptic Met-enkephalin and CRP, and activity of enzymes varied between the two groups of patients. Thirty days after the surgery, some metabolic and immune parameters were still different in both female groups in favour of patients with lover BMI. However, significant differences were noticed in the levels of ghrelin (increase), and native (decrease) and cryptic Met-enkephalins (increase). Conclusions: The activity of endogenous peptides in bariatric patients is connected with the degree of obesity. Ghrelin level increases are negatively correlated with native Met-enkephalin changes shortly after bariatric surgery. The interplay of ghrelin and opioids might be considered as a predictor of postoperative weight loss success. (Endokrynol Pol 2020; 71 (1): 27-33)  28 ORIGINAL PAPER Opioids and ghrelin affect bariatrics Michał Dyaczyński et al.

Effects of opioid and cholinergic receptors inhibition on the intestine hormones concentration and release in rats

“…Moreover, the mRNA expression of PENK was increased by more than 90% after naltrexone injection, which may suggest the Interestingly, naltrexone affected also ghrelin secretion or/and synthesis in the duodenum increasing its concentration almost by 61%. Interaction of opioids and ghrelin was found in lamb, piglet (Pierzchała-Koziec, 2012) and human (Dyaczyński et al, 2020). It can be speculated that endogenous opioids in the gut may have a local modulating effect on the ghrelin secretion.…”

Is There a Relationship Between Vascularity and Echogenicity of Thyroid Lobes in Ultrasonography With BMI? A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Otherwise, adipose tissue releasing cytokines may lead to vasodilation and more permeable blood vessels in thyroid 21 Another explanation that has been suggested is the accumulation of adipose tissue in thyroid gland. 21 In this study, serum TSH was significantly higher in patients with BMI > 25 kg/m 2 than in patients with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 . This finding is consistent with other numerous prior studies that have reported higher blood levels of TSH in obese patients.…”

“…Otherwise, adipose tissue releasing cytokines may lead to vasodilation and more permeable blood vessels in thyroid 21 Another explanation that has been suggested is the accumulation of adipose tissue in thyroid gland. 21…”

“…One explanation may be metabolic inflammation of thyroid gland. Otherwise, adipose tissue releasing cytokines may lead to vasodilation and more permeable blood vessels in thyroid 21 Another explanation that has been suggested is the accumulation of adipose tissue in thyroid gland. 21 In this study, serum TSH was significantly higher in patients with BMI > 25 kg/m 2 than in patients with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 .…”

Impaired Brain Insulin Signalling,a Potential Cause of Obesity: A Review of Literature

“…One of the treatments currently used for obesity is bariatric surgery. However, this method is stressful for the patient, interfering with the homeostasis of the organism by affecting gastrointestinal hormone levels [2]; therefore the search for less invasive methods of treatment appears to be a future direction of research on obesity. Along with obesity-related disease, there often occurs a condition of reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin called insulin resistance.…”