Opioid-induced pruritus: an update

Reich, Adam; Szepietowski, Jacek C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03463.x

Cited by 93 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Opioids An adverse effect of opioid analgesics (μ-opioid receptor agonists) includes pruritus, which is relieved by opioid μ-receptor antagonists. 99) opioid μ-receptor antagonists have been used in the treatment of pruritus in dermatologic and systemic diseases.…”

Section: Itch-inhibitory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential New Therapeutic Targets for Pathological Pruritus

Kuraishi

2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Very few approved medications are indicated for the treatment of pruritus, and drug development for pruritic diseases is awaited. During the past two decades, progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of the physiology and pathophysiology of pruritus. Newly identified potential targets for pathological pruritus include receptors (histamine H 4 receptor, leukotriene B 4 receptors, interleukin-31 receptor A, bombesin BB 2 receptor, toll-like receptor 3, α-adrenoceptor, and opioid μ-and κ-receptors), channels (transient receptor potential (TRP) V3 and TRPA1 channels), and enzymes (histidine decarboxylase, sphingomyelin glucosylceramide deacylase, 5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene A 4 hydrolase, and autotaxin). The development of specific, effective blockers and agonists/antagonists of these targets is awaited.

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Section: Itch-inhibitory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential New Therapeutic Targets for Pathological Pruritus

Kuraishi

2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…7 Many stimuli are known to induce pruritus. 8 The basic mechanisms of itch and the interactions between pain and itch have been long debated. Nevertheless, there is an obvious differentiation between neurons involved in the generation of itch and pain, at least in the peripheral regions.…”

Section: Relationship Between Pruritus and Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Pruritic Mechanisms of Hypertrophic Scars in Postburn Patients: The Potential Role of Opioids and Their Receptors

Liu

2011

Journal of Burn Care & Research

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Although itching (or pruritus) in a scar is a very common and distressing symptom and is increasingly being recognized as a significant obstacle in burn rehabilitation, the exact mechanisms underlying this symptom have not been elucidated; hence, a reliable therapy has not been established. Recent findings have suggested that itching caused by inflammatory dermatosis can be reduced by antihistamines, but histamine antagonists cannot block all types of pruritus (eg, neuropathic itch). This indicates the presence of a histamine-independent pathway for itch. Itch or pruritus may also be evoked by direct activation of opioid receptors, which have recently been identified in the skin. This article aims to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the role of opioids in the generation of itch in hypertrophic scars in postburn patients. To this end, the authors have reviewed the relevant literature and present some clinical data. The authors hope that this review will form the basis for future research to elucidate the mechanism and treatment of itch.

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“…Certain medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may induce pruritus by inhibiting the breakdown of bradykinins and substance P by the angiotensin-converting enzyme [25]. Opiates are increasingly used in the elderly for management of pain, and may precipitate itch via stimulation of mast cells in the skin as well as itch-sensing neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system [26]. …”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Pruritus In Aging Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced aging skin and itch: addressing an unmet need

2013

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Itch is the most common skin disorder in the elderly and frequently diminishes quality of life in this population. The high prevalence of pruritus in elderly patients is attributed in part to the decline in the normal physiology of the advanced aging skin, and reflects poor hydration, impaired skin barrier, and altered neural function, all ultimately contributing to inflammation and pruritus. As the elderly population continues to grow, practitioners need to be aware of how to evaluate and manage pruritus, recognizing the common conditions contributing to itch in elderly patients as well as the challenges of treatment in this group. Ultimately, management of pruritus will require an individually tailored approach that is guided by a patient's general health, severity of symptoms, and the potential adverse effects of itch therapies.

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Opioid-induced pruritus: an update

Cited by 93 publications

References 34 publications

Potential New Therapeutic Targets for Pathological Pruritus

Potential New Therapeutic Targets for Pathological Pruritus

Update on Pruritic Mechanisms of Hypertrophic Scars in Postburn Patients: The Potential Role of Opioids and Their Receptors

Advanced aging skin and itch: addressing an unmet need

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