Opioid-induced Delay in Gastric Emptying 

Abstract

The attenuation of morphine-induced delay in gastric emptying by methylnaltrexone suggests that the opioid effect is mediated outside the central nervous system. Methylnaltrexone may have the potential to decrease the side effects of opioid medications, which are mediated peripherally, while maintaining the central analgesia effect of the opioid.

Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association

“…Symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and dyspepsia are nonspecific and resemble many other conditions (186) and may just be associated with the presence of diabetes (181). Importantly, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and acute changes in blood glucose are well documented to alter gastric emptying (182,187,188), as are some medications, especially opioids, other pain management agents, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (189,190). Therefore, all these factors known to affect gastric emptying should always be considered before a firm diagnosis is established.…”

Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treatment of acute opioid‐induced constipation: Phase 2 study in rehabilitation after orthopedic surgery

“…[11][12][13] Further studies of methylnaltrexone for the treatment of constipation due to methadone use demonstrated rapid laxation response. [14][15][16] Two randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled studies of methylnaltrexone in 288 patients with advanced illness and OIC showed that methylnaltrexone rapidly induced laxation without compromising analgesia.…”

(451) Efficacy and safety of methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain: a placebo crossover analysis

“…Methylnaltrexone bromide is a selective peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist that has restricted ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. [12][13][14] It antagonizes the negative opioid-induced effects on the GI tract, such as delayed gastric emptying 15 and prolongation of oral-cecal transit time. 16 Methylnaltrexone is indicated for the treatment of OIC in adults with chronic noncancer pain and for the treatment of OIC in patients with advanced illness receiving palliative care who have had an inadequate response to laxative therapy.…”