Opioid Crisis: The African Perspective

Usman, Mohammed Adinoyi

doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.259

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A closer review of the fight against cannabis and cocaine misuse has revealed that restrictive legislations tend to encourage the proliferation of adulterated drugs, amplify drug trafficking, medicrime, and drug misuse. 81,82 The ketamine petition sent in 2015 as China's fourth petition on ketamine since 2006 to lobby the United Nations to change the status quo regarding ketamine failed; this decision doesn't mean China won't continue to push, more so that China wields more international influence amidst competing political and economic interests in the global scene. 6,28 Although it is a common practice in international politics to trade off support for a certain policy for political capital on other policies that may seem like a right idea, it is reasonable that high income countries may tread softly if another ketamine petition emerges.…”

Section: Consequences Of Ketamine Banmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Should Ketamine Not Be Banned? A Scoping Review

Usman

2021

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objectives: Although the importance of ketamine in clinical practice and in resource-poor settings and disaster zones, several attempts were made to reschedule it because of the issues around its misuse. Resisting future moves to reschedule ketamine is important for its continuous availability where needed. This scoping review addresses the question of whether ketamine should or should not be banned and the state of preparedness of low resource settings if ketamine petitions become successful in the future. Methods: A search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles published in the English language from March 2015 to August 2020. The articles were searched with a wide range of priori search terms related to the research questions. The selection of articles was based on relevance and eligibility. Results: Seventy-five articles were selected and grouped into 4 ethical themes. The search revealed that several articles addressed the importance of ketamine, pharmacology, misuse, supply, and consequences of a ketamine ban; however, none addressed how resource-poor countries should prepare for a future without the overreliance of ketamine. Conclusion: Four ketamine petitions in about 10 years are an indication that another may resurface soon; therefore, it is important to continue to study the clinical importance of ketamine while discouraging its overreliance for clinical practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consequences Of Ketamine Banmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Ketamine Not Be Banned? A Scoping Review

Usman

2021

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…86 The use of opioids is governed by stringent regulations, leading to only about 1% of the opioids used worldwide being distributed to low-income countries. [97][98][99] Due to this, Africa in particular lacks sufficient effective medications to treat moderate to severe postoperative pain. However, research conducted recently has revealed that the consumption of both prescription and over-The-counter opioids has grown in several African nations, particularly South Africa both at the hospital and community levels.…”

Section: Medicine Shortage and Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Current Situation of Postoperative Pain and Causes of Inadequate Pain Management in Africa

Gao¹,

Mu²,

Lin³

et al. 2023

JPR

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Postoperative pain is one of the most prevalent complications following surgery, and more than 47% of surgical patients endure postoperative discomfort worldwide. In Africa, due to resource shortages and other issues, postoperative pain is substantially more common when compared to developed countries. Severe postoperative pain has many negative effects, including possibly death, which can burden both individuals and society as a whole. Therefore, effectively controlling postoperative pain is becoming increasingly important. To enhance the effectiveness of future pain management, a thorough analysis of the current reasons for inadequate postoperative pain management is necessary. In this article, the present situations of occurring postoperative pain, children's postoperative pain, and pain management in Africa are reviewed, based on relevant and recent literature. In particular, the reasons for inadequate postoperative pain management in Africa are detailed in this article from five perspectives: the inadequate assessment of postoperative pain, the knowledge gap among medical professionals, the patients' misconceptions, the scarcity of resources, and the lack of medications. Additionally, we offer appropriate solutions following various factors.

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“…Opioids for clinical pain management in Africa remain at among the lowest levels in the world (Kurth et al., 2018; Usman, 2020). Consequently, the scale of the problem pales in comparison with the situation in the United States.…”

Section: The Opioid Problem Elsewherementioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids: A ‘crisis’ of too much or not enough – or simply how rich you are and where you live?

Miyachi

Ozaki

Saito

et al. 2021

European Journal of Pain

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The ‘Opioid Crisis’, which originated in Western countries, has been misrepresented and is misinforming the global public. For 20 years, since the advent of the synthetic opioids, 25,000 Americans, on average, have died annually from opioid‐related overdoses. The United States produces and consumes by far the greatest amounts of opioids. National regulations introduced to curb overdoses and restrict opioid availability have condemned many Americans, such as cancer patients or those in need of palliative care, to a life of extreme pain due to lack of access to adequate pain management. As is often the case, US‐driven laws have informed and guided international regulations. Worldwide, 83% of countries have low or non‐existent access to opioids for pain relief. Over 25 million people are at the end‐of‐life stage, with eight million people dying annually in unnecessary pain and distress. Ineffectively controlled pain is a global public health issue blighting the lives of billions of people worldwide with immeasurable human and socioeconomic costs. International conventions regulate the trade and use of controlled medications, including many opioids. The goal is to balance widespread access to optimal forms of pain management with restrictions to govern the use and prevent the misuse of controlled substances. Those conventions are failing to meet their goals. International guidelines to inform national legislation have been compromised and withdrawn, thanks to undue interference from US‐based opioid manufacturers. The new goal must be to ensure equitable access, for all, to opioids and ensure that optimal pain management becomes a central component of Universal Health Coverage. Significance The opioid crisis is, more accurately, a multicomponent global crisis and one that is not fully apparent or well understood. Regulations of the wealthy and powerful to control a surfeit of opioids, which encourages misuse, cannot be allowed to govern legislation in the majority of countries worldwide where citizens have little or no access to opioids to reduce pain and suffering. International conventions must be revised to ensure an optimal balance that allows access to opioids for all those who need them.

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Opioid Crisis: The African Perspective

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Should Ketamine Not Be Banned? A Scoping Review

Should Ketamine Not Be Banned? A Scoping Review

Review of the Current Situation of Postoperative Pain and Causes of Inadequate Pain Management in Africa

Opioids: A ‘crisis’ of too much or not enough – or simply how rich you are and where you live?

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