Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to cadmium as undesirable substance in animal feed

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doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2004.72

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A heavy metal selection pressure exists in the clinical settings, for example due to the use of surgical equipment, dental fillings, metal-containing disinfectants, thermometers or other metallic apparatus. However, direct human exposure to heavy metals through factors such as diet (EFSA, 2004), or smoking (Ashraf, 2012) has also been reported which may co-select for antibiotic resistance. This was indicated by an analysis of the national health and nutrition examination survey where the effects of blood lead (Pb) levels on nasal colonization of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were studied.…”

Section: Validation Of Co -Selection Of Metal and Antibiotic Resistan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal-induced selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance: A review

Vats

Kaur

Rishi

2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Antibiotic resistance is recognized as a global threat to public health. The selection and evolution of antibiotic resistance in clinical pathogens were believed to be majorly driven by the imprudent use of antibiotics. However, concerns regarding the same, through selection pressure by a multitude of other antimicrobial agents, such as heavy metals, are also growing. Heavy metal contamination co-selects antibiotic and metal resistance through numerous mechanisms, such as co-resistance and cross-resistance. Here, we have reviewed the role of heavy metals as antimicrobial resistance driving agents and the underlying concept and mechanisms of co-selection, while also highlighting the scarcity of studies explicitly inspecting the process of coselection in clinical settings. Prospective strategies to manage heavy metal-induced antibiotic resistance have also been deliberated, underlining the need to find specific inhibitors so that alternate medicinal combinations can be added to the existing therapeutic armamentarium.

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Section: Validation Of Co -Selection Of Metal and Antibiotic Resistan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal-induced selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance: A review

Vats

Kaur

Rishi

2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Even for As-treated rice, the maximum EDI found (0.30 µg kg −1 BW day −1 for the treatment As5 of BRS Pampa) was within the range reported by Kukusamude et al [56] for Thai rice (0.12-1.05 µg kg −1 BW day −1 , from estimated weekly intake, in µg per kg BW per week/7). Nevertheless, no variety or treatment exceeded the inferior limit (0.3 µg kg −1 BW day −1 ) of the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) established by the European Food Safety Authority [57,58]. These results indicate that all rice varieties and treatments are safe and have no health hazards for human consumption regarding As exposure.…”

Section: Co-exposure As and Se: Total Concentration And Chemical Spec...mentioning

confidence: 75%

Selenium Biofortification Enhanced Grain Yield and Alleviated the Risk of Arsenic and Cadmium Toxicity in Rice for Human Consumption

Paniz

Pedron

Procópio

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) are toxic to rice plants. However, selenium (Se) has the potential to regulate As and Cd toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the co-exposure to As5+ and Se6+ species in two rice cultivars, BRS Pampa and EPAGRI 108. The plants were divided into six groups and cultivated until complete maturation of the grains, under greenhouse conditions. Regarding total As and inorganic As (i-As) accumulation in grains, the highest concentrations were found for BRS Pampa. For Se, EPAGRI 108 presented the highest concentration of inorganic and organic Se (i-Se and o-Se). The exposure assessments showed that Se biofortification can mitigate the As accumulation in rice and, consequently, the risk of As and Cd toxicity in grains for human consumption. The combined effect of As and Se in rice plants could represent an alternative to biofortify this food in a safe way and with a higher percentage of bioavailable Se. Although Se is able to mitigate As toxicity in rice plants, in the present study we showed that co-exposure in different cultivars under the same growing conditions may present different responses to As and Se exposure.

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“…Cd showed a 60-fold higher median concentration in livers ( Figure 2 ). In this context, it was demonstrated that feed supplements containing Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ca may significantly increase the rate of absorption and accumulation of Cd in livestock tissues, hence suggesting that the main source of Cd for pigs is feed itself [ 8 , 41 ]. Median concentrations of i As and i Hg in muscles (0.0064 and 0.00088 mg kg −1 , respectively) were significantly lower compared to data reported by EFSA in livestock meat [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high levels of contamination, together with the high rate of dietary consumption of these products, are therefore responsible for human exposure to TMMs at levels which can lead to adverse health outcomes [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In this context, concentration levels of TMMs in tissues of wild animals are mainly related to environmental pollution, while contamination levels in tissues of farmed animals (especially those from intensive livestock facilities) are ascribed to feed, in which additives and mineral supplements containing high concentrations of toxic metals can be present [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

Ghidini

Varrà

Husáková

et al. 2022

Foods

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Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles (p ≤ 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children’s estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population.

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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to cadmium as undesirable substance in animal feed

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Heavy metal-induced selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance: A review

Heavy metal-induced selection and proliferation of antibiotic resistance: A review

Selenium Biofortification Enhanced Grain Yield and Alleviated the Risk of Arsenic and Cadmium Toxicity in Rice for Human Consumption

Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure

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