Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related heptachlor as an undesirable substance in animal feed

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doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2007.478

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…The formula is as follows: MOEs = PODs/dietary exposure (EDI). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain proposed the use of a benchmark dose lower confidence limit for 10% extra risk (BMDL10) and a benchmark dose lower confidence limit for 1% extra risk (BMDL1) for characterizing the MOE as PODs 25 . The value of BMDL10 (the lower limit for the 95% confidence interval of the 10% incidence of liver cancer in the control group) was 340 ng kg −1 bw day −1 for AFB 1 as referenced by the EFSA 25 .…”

Section: Risk Characterization Margin Of Exposure (Moe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain proposed the use of a benchmark dose lower confidence limit for 10% extra risk (BMDL10) and a benchmark dose lower confidence limit for 1% extra risk (BMDL1) for characterizing the MOE as PODs 25 . The value of BMDL10 (the lower limit for the 95% confidence interval of the 10% incidence of liver cancer in the control group) was 340 ng kg −1 bw day −1 for AFB 1 as referenced by the EFSA 25 . In reference to the dose-response relationship based on the data of Peers 47,48 and Carlborg 49 , the value of BMDL1 (the lower limit for the 95% statistical confidence interval of the 1% incidence of liver cancer in the control group) was estimated as 78 ng kg −1 bw day −1 .…”

Section: Risk Characterization Margin Of Exposure (Moe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 in Guangzhou, China

Zhang

Liu

Liang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) contamination in foods is an important health challenge for low-and middle-income countries in subtropical regions. AFB 1 has been detected in a variety of foodsin Guangzhou, while the risk of dietary exposure is unknown. this study aimed to assess the probabilistic risk of dietary exposure to AFB 1 contamination in food stuffs in Guangzhou by using margin of exposure (MOE) and quantitative liver cancer risk approaches. A total of1854 AFB 1-contaminated foodstuffs were sampled in supermarkets, agricultural markets, retail shops, and family workshops from 11 districts of Guangzhou, and AFB 1 content was determined by HPLC-fluorescence detector. In total, 9.9% (184/1854) of the test samples had AFB 1 concentrations above the limit of detection. Home-made peanut oil had the highest AFB 1 concentration, with a mean value of 38.74 ± 47.45 μg kg −1. The average MOE levels of Guangzhou residents ranged from 100 to 1000. The risk of liver cancer was 0.0264 cancers (100,000 population year) −1. the health risks of suburban people were higher than those of urban people, and home-made peanut oil was the main contributorto dietary exposure to AFB 1 among suburban residents in Guangzhou. The production of home-made peanut oil should be supervised to reduce the risk of AFB 1 exposure. Aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins produced by the common fungi Aspergillus flavusand Aspergillus parasiticus 1 and have been found in a wide range of crops such as maize, peanut, and walnut and their derived products 2. There are four major aflatoxins (AFB 1 , AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) produced by the two fungi that commonly found in contaminated crops 3-5. AFB 1 and AFB 2 can be produced by A. flavus (both S and L strains) and A. parasiticus, whileAFG 1 and AFG 2 can be produced by A. flavus S strains and A. parasiticus 5,6. AFB 1 is considered the most toxic carcinogenwhich is classified as Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)that induces mainly liver cancer 7-9 and to a lesser degree rectal cancer 10. AFB 1 is commonly found in cereals and nuts 11 , and it has attracted concern in lessdeveloped tropical regions 12-15. Previous studies showed that AFs were found in 5%-30%of raw peanuts and peanut products in major peanut-producing regions in China 16. Since some crops susceptible to AFs contamination, such as peanuts, are commonly consumed, it is hard to achieve zero exposure to AFs. Therefore, it is important to reduce the exposure to total AFsby establishing regulatory limits to AFs.The Codex Alimentarius Commission, the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Health Organization (WHO) Food Standards Program jointly adopted a maximum level of 15 μg kg − 1 for total AFsin unprocessed peanuts 17. The European Commission regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 set a maximum limit for AFB 1 of 2 μg kg −1 for peanuts and cereals that are intended for direct consumption 18. In China, the National Food Safety Standard set the limit of 20 µg kg −1 for AFB 1 in peanut and its pro...

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Section: Risk Characterization Margin Of Exposure (Moe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Characterization Margin Of Exposure (Moe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 in Guangzhou, China

Zhang

Liu

Liang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Heptachlor is one of the notable pollutants that exist in the wastewater which brings a negative impact on the ecological environment, humans, and animals which are human's food sources [4]. There is no doubt that heptachlor is a useful organochlorine pesticide employed for agricultural purposes, seed treatment, wood preservatives against termites, and insect control [5,6]. However, despite the benefits of using heptachlor such as its high efficiency and low cost [7], it could pollute the soil systems and aquatic ecosystem due to its toxicity [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Different Artificial Intelligence Models and Response Surface Methodology for Heptachlor Removal Using Fe/Cu Nanoparticles

Yeo

2023

AEJ

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Water is a basic and essential resource in the human body. Every structure in the body including cells, tissues and organs needs water to work properly. Hence, without food, humans can last up to several weeks, but just a few days without water. Meanwhile, before water is consumed by a human’s body, harmful impurities such as heptachlor which is a highly toxic organochlorine compound in the water must be removed. To remove heptachlor from the wastewater, the adsorption using the bimetallic iron/cupper (Fe/Cu) nanoparticles can be a solution. However, the effectiveness of the elimination of heptachlor using the Fe/Cu nanoparticles could be affected by environmental factors including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, and stirring rate. Response surface methodology (RSM) is widely used to correlate these factors with the heptachlor removal efficiency to achieve performance optimisation. However, the artificial intelligence models may perform better than RSM to optimise the heptachlor removal process. Therefore, this study aims to compare the performance of different artificial intelligence models with RSM for heptachlor removal using Fe/Cu nanoparticles. These different artificial intelligence models include principal component regression (PCR), artificial neural network (ANN), locally weighted kernel partial least square regression (LW-KPLSR), partial least square regression (PLSR), and least-square support vector regression (LSSVR). Based on the obtained results, the LW-KPLSR model performed better than other artificial intelligence models and RSM. Its root means square error, and mean absolute error are around 159% to 3,297% lower than other models and RSM. Moreover, its coefficient of determination which is so-called R2 is the highest among others. These results denote that LW-KPLSR is more convincing as compared to RSM to predict optimum performance of heptachlor removal.

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Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016

Hartmann,

Kaiser,

Moche

et al. 2024

JoX

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Breast milk holds an immense nutritional value as it contains health-promoting substances in a unique, optimal form. Additionally, breast milk’s significance extends to health and environmental protection, as it serves as an indicator of both maternal and infant exposure. In this study, breast milk samples collected in 2013 and in 2014–2016 from mothers in Vienna (Austria) were analysed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as further substances which have been listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) due to their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The total concentration of the PBDE congeners in the samples (n = 18, sampled 2013) ranged from 0.055 to 52 ng/g lipid, and from 0.002 to 2.5 ng/g breast milk. In the pooled sample, the sum of PBDEs was detected at a level of 4.4 ng/g lipid. Based on the 2014–2016 study population, certain PFAS were detected in all samples (n = 40). Exposure to the sum of four specific PFAS including perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) ranged between 0.014 and 0.12 ng/L breast milk. In the pooled sample, PFOS and PFOA were found in concentrations of 0.025 ng/g and of 0.045 ng/g, respectively. In addition, the first generation of POPs, mainly organochlorine compounds, was measured in a pooled sample of breast milk from participants sampled in 2014–2016 as part of the WHO/UNEP breast milk monitoring program and compared to the POPs measured in pooled samples collected in 1987/1988 and 1992/1993, respectively. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention on POPs by comparing the Austrian results from the WHO/UNEP global breast milk study from 1987 to 2016. However, the data also show that, despite these reductions, health-relevant levels are still being reached, particularly in terms of children’s health when the presence of the new generation of POPs, such as PBDEs and PFAS, in human breast milk is taken into account.

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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related heptachlor as an undesirable substance in animal feed

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 in Guangzhou, China

Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 in Guangzhou, China

A Comparative Study of Different Artificial Intelligence Models and Response Surface Methodology for Heptachlor Removal Using Fe/Cu Nanoparticles

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Austrian Human Breast Milk Collected between 2013 and 2016

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