Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to the tolerable upper intake level of phosphorus

,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2005.233

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The EFSA NDA Panel has not set an upper level for phosphorus but a 'safety' level of intake. The ADI of 40 mg/kg bw per day would result in an intake level of 2,800 mg P per person per day for a 70 kg adult person which is within the limits of the safety intake level of 3,000 mg P/person per day set by the EFSA NDA Panel (2005).…”

Section: Derivation Of the Adimentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In conclusion, despite the effect of a high phosphorus intake on the activity of calcium-phosphate metabolism regulating hormones, there is insufficient evidence for an association between dietary phosphate intake and pathologically reduced BMD which is in accordance with evaluation from the NDA Panel (EFSA NDA Panel, 2005). There is also insufficient evidence for an association between serum phosphate and incidence of fractures.…”

Section: Epidemiology Studies On Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In the EFSA NDA Opinion on Tolerable Upper Intake level of phosphorus, the upper level for phosphorus was not established because available data were not sufficient and indicate that normal healthy adults can tolerate phosphorus (phosphates) intake up to at least 3,000 mg/day without adverse systemic effects (EFSA NDA Panel, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the EFSA NDA Opinion on Tolerable Upper Intake level of phosphorus (EFSA NDA Panel, 2005), the upper level for phosphorus was not established because available data were not sufficient, although some adverse gastrointestinal effects have been reported at doses of phosphorus-containing supplements exceeding 750 mg/day. EFSA reported that the mean dietary and supplemental intake of phosphorus in European countries is approximately 1,000-1,500 mg/day and indicate that normal healthy adults can tolerate phosphorus (phosphates) intake up to at least 3,000 mg/day without adverse systemic effects.…”

Section: Information On Existing Authorisations and Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphates are normal constituents in the body and are regular components of the diet. According to the EFSA NDA Panel the available data are not sufficient to establish an upper level (UL) for phosphorus (EFSA NDA Panel, 2005). The EFSA NDA Panel stated in this opinion that 'The available data indicate that normal healthy individuals can tolerate phosphorus (phosphate) intakes up to at least 3,000 mg/day without adverse systemic effects'.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Terms Of Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Re‐evaluation of phosphoric acid–phosphates – di‐, tri‐ and polyphosphates (E 338–341, E 343, E 450–452) as food additives and the safety of proposed extension of use

Flavourings¹,

Younes²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings added to Food (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of phosphates (E 338-341, E 343, E 450-452) as food additives. The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Phosphates are authorised food additives in the EU in accordance with Annex II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. Exposure to phosphates from the whole diet was estimated using mainly analytical data. The values ranged from 251 mg P/person per day in infants to 1,625 mg P/person per day for adults, and the high exposure (95th percentile) from 331 mg P/person per day in infants to 2,728 mg P/person per day for adults. Phosphate is essential for all living organisms, is absorbed at 80-90% as free orthophosphate excreted via the kidney. The Panel considered phosphates to be of low acute oral toxicity and there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. No effects were reported in developmental toxicity studies. The Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates expressed as phosphorus of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day and concluded that this ADI is protective for the human population. The Panel noted that in the estimated exposure scenario based on analytical data exposure estimates exceeded the proposed ADI for infants, toddlers and other children at the mean level, and for infants, toddlers, children and adolescents at the 95th percentile. The Panel also noted that phosphates exposure by food supplements exceeds the proposed ADI. The Panel concluded that the available data did not give rise to safety concerns in infants below 16 weeks of age consuming formula and food for medical purposes.

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Section: Derivation Of the Adimentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Epidemiology Studies On Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Information On Existing Authorisations and Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation Of Terms Of Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Re‐evaluation of phosphoric acid–phosphates – di‐, tri‐ and polyphosphates (E 338–341, E 343, E 450–452) as food additives and the safety of proposed extension of use

Flavourings¹,

Younes²,

Aquilina³

et al. 2019

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

European food safety guidelines on dietary phosphate additives: implications for people with chronic kidney disease

et al. 2021

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Stewardship to tackle global phosphorus inefficiency: The case of Europe

Withers¹,

Dijk²,

Neset³

et al. 2015

AMBIO

195

149

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The inefficient use of phosphorus (P) in the food chain is a threat to the global aquatic environment and the health and well-being of citizens, and it is depleting an essential finite natural resource critical for future food security and ecosystem function. We outline a strategic framework of 5R stewardship (Re-align P inputs, Reduce P losses, Recycle P in bioresources, Recover P in wastes, and Redefine P in food systems) to help identify and deliver a range of integrated, cost-effective, and feasible technological innovations to improve P use efficiency in society and reduce Europe’s dependence on P imports. Their combined adoption facilitated by interactive policies, co-operation between upstream and downstream stakeholders (researchers, investors, producers, distributors, and consumers), and more harmonized approaches to P accounting would maximize the resource and environmental benefits and help deliver a more competitive, circular, and sustainable European economy. The case of Europe provides a blueprint for global P stewardship.

show abstract

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to the tolerable upper intake level of phosphorus

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Re‐evaluation of phosphoric acid–phosphates – di‐, tri‐ and polyphosphates (E 338–341, E 343, E 450–452) as food additives and the safety of proposed extension of use

Re‐evaluation of phosphoric acid–phosphates – di‐, tri‐ and polyphosphates (E 338–341, E 343, E 450–452) as food additives and the safety of proposed extension of use

European food safety guidelines on dietary phosphate additives: implications for people with chronic kidney disease

Stewardship to tackle global phosphorus inefficiency: The case of Europe

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