Opinion-attitude methodology.

McNemar, Quinn

doi:10.1037/h0060985

Cited by 290 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…A single scale, Briggs and Cheek (1986) asserted, should measure a single individual difference or person variable. Quoting McNemar (1946): "Measurement implies that one characteristic at a time is being quantified" (p.…”

Section: A Third Cluster (Other-directed Self-presentation) Concerns mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity.

Snyder¹,

Gangestad²

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

875

803

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An extensive network of empirical relations has been identified in research on the psychological construct of self-monitoring. Nevertheless, in recent years some concerns have been expressed about the instrument used for the assessment of self-monitoring propensities, the Self-Monitoring Scale. Both the extent to which the measure taps an interpretable and meaningful causal variable and the extent to which the self-monitoring construct provides an appropriate theoretical understanding of this causal variable have been questioned. An examination of reanalyses of studies of self-monitoring, analyses of the internal structure of the Self-Monitoring Scale, and further relevant data suggest that the measure does tap a meaningful and interpretable causal variable with pervasive influences on social behavior, a variable reflected as a general self-monitoring factor. We discuss the evaluation and furthering of the interpretation of this latent causal variable, offer criteria for evaluating alternative measures of self-monitoring, and present a new, 18-item Self-Monitoring Scale.According to theoretical analyses of self-monitoring, people differ in the extent to which they can and do observe and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation (e.g., Snyder, 1979). Individuals high in self-monitoring are thought to regulate their expressive self-presentation for the sake of desired public appearances, and thus be highly responsive to social and interpersonal cues of situationally appropriate performances.Individuals low in self-monitoring are thought to lack either the ability or the motivation to so regulate their expressive self-presentations. Their expressive behaviors, instead, are thought to functionally reflect their own enduring and momentary inner states, including their attitudes, traits, and feelings.A number of hypotheses-concerning, among others, the determinants of specificity and consistency in social behavior, the origins of linkages between attitudes and action, the dynamics of social interaction, and the nature and consequences of conceptions of self-have followed from these basic initial propositions. Research involving a measure of self-monitoring propensities (the Self-Monitoring Scale; for information on its reliability and validity, see Snyder, 1974) has provided empirical support for these and many more hypotheses about the cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal consequences of self-monitoring (e.g

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Section: A Third Cluster (Other-directed Self-presentation) Concerns mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity.

Snyder¹,

Gangestad²

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

875

803

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“…Well over 50 years ago it was noted that 'The existing science of human behaviour is largely the science of the behaviour of sophomores' (19) with the implication that such participants severely restricted the usefulness of the data collected. Today between 10% and 20 % of published studies on aspects of appetite are carried out on undergraduate students, many of whom are obliged to participate in experiments as a course requirement.…”

Section: Note On Appetite Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of physical activity on appetite control: an experimental system to understand the relationship between exercise-induced energy expenditure and energy intake

et al. 2011

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Investigations of the impact of physical activity on appetite control have the potential to throw light on the understanding of energy balance and therefore, upon body weight regulation and the development of obesity. Given the complexity of the landscape influencing weight regulation, research strategies should reflect this complexity. We have developed a research approach based on the concept of the psychobiological system (multi-level measurement and analysis) and an experimental platform that respects the operations of an adaptive regulating biological system. It is important that both sides of the energy balance equation (activity and diet) receive similar detailed levels of analysis. The experimental platform uses realistic and fully supervised levels of physical activity, medium-term (not acute) interventions, measurement of body composition, energy metabolism (indirect calorimetry), satiety physiology (gut peptides), homeostatic and hedonic processes of appetite control, non-exercise activity, obese adult participants and both genders. This research approach has shown that the impact of physical activity on appetite control is characterised by large individual differences. Changes in body composition, waist circumference and health benefits are more meaningful than changes in weight. Further, we are realising that the acute effects do not predict what will happen in the longer term. The psychobiological systems approach offers a strategy for simultaneously investigating biological and behavioural processes relevant to understanding obese people and how obesity can be managed. This experimental platform provides opportunities for industry to examine the impact of foods under scientifically controlled conditions relevant to the real world.

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“…It has been suggested (e.g., Smith & Leigh, 1997) that the Internet is a good medium for recruiting members of such groups (see also MeKenna & Bargh, 1998). Even were this not the case, an Internet replication might be advantageous: Reips (2000) has argued that the findings of Web experiments may, due to the greater demographic diversity of participants, be more generalizable than those of conventional laboratory studies that have traditionally (e.g., McNemar, 1946) used students as participants (and still do today; Banyard & Hunt, 2000;Reips, 2000).…”

Section: Purpose Of Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%