Ophthalmology of Sphenisciformes: Penguins

Church, Melanie L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71302-7_22

Cited by 1 publication

(15 citation statements)

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“…This finding was also previously described in three penguins, and as in our case, the affected penguins showed no ocular pain associated with chronic corneal mineralisation. 7 One eye showed chronic oedema and neovascularisation with normal IOP. The origin of this oedema could not be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This is a frequent clinical finding associated with lens luxation or subluxation. Lens subluxation is a common finding associated with hypermature cataracts in dogs and has also been described in penguins 7 . Subluxation presumably results in a reduction in overall lens size with resorption, causing zonular rupture through direct physical stretching 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adnexal diseases are uncommon in penguins (3.8% of the eyes in this study). Blepharitis is thought to be due to environmental concerns (e.g., high ammonia levels, filtration system contamination and the use of chemical cleaning agents with insufficient ventilation) and stress 7 . Nictitating membrane lesions (a laceration and a haemorrhage) were probably due to trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lens subluxation is a common finding associated with hypermature cataracts in dogs and has also been described in penguins. 7 Subluxation presumably results in a reduction in overall lens size with resorption, causing zonular rupture through direct physical stretching. 13 It is likely that the same is also true in penguins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a few references in the literature regarding ophthalmic findings in captive penguins 4–7 . In these studies, cataracts were the most common ocular finding, with an incidence varying from 14% to 68% in different colonies 4,6,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of cataracts and other ophthalmic findings in various species of captive penguins

González‐Alonso‐Alegre,

Martínez‐Nevado,

de Quadros

et al. 2023

Veterinary Record

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BackgroundThe identification of ophthalmic diseases that affect vision and/or cause discomfort should be a priority in captive penguins to improve their overall health and quality of life.MethodsA routine ophthalmological examination was performed on 80 clinically normal penguins (160 eyes), and any lesions observed were recorded.ResultsOcular lesions were frequent (56% of penguins), with cataracts being the most common (48.8% of penguins). Cortical cataracts (63% of eyes) and posterior subcapsular cataracts (27.4%) were the most commonly occurring. All maturation stages were found; incipient cataracts (52.1% of eyes with cataracts) were predominant, while Morgagnian cataracts (8.2%) were the least frequent. A correlation existed between lenticular changes and increasing age. Uveitis was present in 43.8% of eyes with cataracts, and ectropion uveae was the predominant clinical sign. Other ocular findings included blepharitis (3.8% of all eyes), corneal leukoma (5.6%) and posterior lens subluxation (7.5%).LimitationsThe small number of birds of some species prevented the comparison of ophthalmic findings between species.ConclusionThis study corroborates the high prevalence of ocular lesions in captive penguins. Cataracts were frequent and age related. Most cataracts were cortical, and the predominant maturation stage was incipient. Lens‐induced uveitis was a common finding. Lowered intraocular pressure was related to cataract formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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