Ophthalmic Ultraviolet Action Spectra*

Bachem, A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(56)91044-3

Cited by 145 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Additionally, other studies have determined that occupational exposure to artificial UV light has been associated with uveal melanoma [90][91][92][93]. Data from case-control studies have indicated that subjects with blue or grey eyes and light hair and skin color have an elevated risk of developing ocular melanoma [90,94,95].…”

Section: Uveal Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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Abstract:With decreasing levels of ozone in the atmosphere, we are being exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than ever before. UVR carries higher energy than visible light, and its effects on tissues include DNA damage, gene mutations, immunosuppression, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In the eye, UVR is strongly associated with the development of basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, pterygium, photokeratitis, climatic droplet keratopathy, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, cataracts, and uveal melanoma, and is weakly associated with age-related macular degeneration. Despite overwhelming evidence regarding the deleterious effects on UVR, public health measures to encourage UV protection of the eyes is generally lacking. Options for photoprotection include sunglasses, wide brim hats, windshields, plastic films for side windows in cars, UV blocking contact lenses, and following the UV Index report daily. The American National Standards Institute currently has regulations regarding properties of UV blocking sunglasses; however, compliance in the US is not mandatory. On the other hand, UVR does have therapeutic applications in the eye, particularly, riboflavin activated by ultraviolet A light (UVA) radiation is used clinically to slow the progression of keratoconus, post-LASIK keratectasia, and bullous keratopathy by crosslinking corneal collagen fibers. OPEN ACCESSPhotonics 2014, 1 348 Additionally, riboflavin activated by UVA has been shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. This is clinically relevant in the treatment of infectious keratitis. Finally, exposure to low levels of light in the UV spectrum has been found to regulate the growth of the eye and lack of adequate exposure may increase the risk of development and progression of myopia.

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Section: Uveal Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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“…The involvement of photoexcited states and free radicals in UV-induced cataract has been suggested by Kurzel et al (1), based on the observation that the phosphorescence excitation spectrum of a human lens is identical to that of tryptophan and has a maximum similar to that in Bachem's action spectrum of UV-induced cataractogenesis in guinea pigs and rabbits (15). The EPR spectra of UV-irradiated cataractous human lenses exhibit AM s = ±2 transitions at a magnetic field of 1455 Gauss with a microwave frequency of 9.092 GHz and a free-radical signal with g = 2.003.…”

Section: Role Of the Tryptophan-excited Triplet State In Uv-inducementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capability of UV radiation (at and above 300 nm) to generate cataracts in experimental animals as well as in the human lens has also been demonstrated (15)(16)(17). The possibility of enhanced photobiologic damage via photosensitized reactions due to the accumulation of certain drugs has been investigated (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Electronically Excited States and Free Radicals in Ultraviolet-Induced Lens Opacification.

Hacker¹,

Yamanashi²

1980

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“…Early studies indicated that energy in the Joules per cm2 range were required to induce changes quickly. Lens opacities have been produced in rabbits with exposure to 2-5kJ/m2 of near-UV light (Bachem, 1956). However, very few positive results (i.e.…”

Section: Lens Damage Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Uv Light and Cataracts*

Zigman

1977

Photochem & Photobiology

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Abstract-Sunlight and many types of artificial lighting contain near-UV light ( 3 W O O nm). These wavelengths can enter the eye and are maximally absorbed in the lens due to its chemical composition. The lenses of certain animals develop cataracts from exposure to this light, and changes similar to those that occur in human lenses with certain types of cataracts and with aging are inducible in isolated human lenses. These changes seem to be associated with chemical alterations in the essential amino acid tryptophan either as a part of proteins or in free form. Such changes in tryptophan would result in lens cell toxicity, in increased pigmentation of the lens, and in large aggregates of proteins. The latter two changes would result in losses in the ability of the lens to transmit visible light needed for vision, and the abnormal state called cataract would result. Much more work is needed to prove that near-UV light can accelerate cataractous changes in the lenses of living humans. Studies at the basic chemical level are needed, but population studies would be most essential for the final proof. Many preventive measures could become available, including the use of special types of spectacles and dietary additives.

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Ophthalmic Ultraviolet Action Spectra*

Cited by 145 publications

References 4 publications

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

The Role of Electronically Excited States and Free Radicals in Ultraviolet-Induced Lens Opacification.

Near Uv Light and Cataracts*

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