Ophthalmic Manifestations of the Monkeypox Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: The accurate estimation of the prevalence of mpox-induced ophthalmic lesions will enable health departments to allocate resources more effectively during the ongoing mpox pandemic. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the global prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations in mpox patients. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in seven databases—Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ProQuest, EBSCOHost, and Cochrane—for studies published on or before 12 December 2022. The pooled prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations was estimated by the random effects model. Risk of bias assessment of the studies and sub-group analysis to explain heterogeneity were undertaken. Results: Overall, 12 studies were included, with 3239 confirmed mpox cases, among which 755 patients reported ophthalmic manifestations. The pooled prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations was 9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 3–24). Studies from Europe reported a very low prevalence of ocular manifestations of 0.98% (95% CI 0.14–2.31), compared to studies from Africa with a substantially higher prevalence of 27.22% (95% CI 13.69–43.26). Conclusions: A wide variation in the prevalence of ocular manifestations among mpox patients was observed globally. Healthcare workers involved in mpox-endemic African countries should be aware of ocular manifestations for early detection and management.

Prevalence of stunting among under-five children in refugee and internally displaced communities: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 776 articles were yielded in the systematic search from different databases such as Cochrane (1), EBSCOHost-Academic Search Complete (123), EMBASE (8), ProQuest (5), PubMed (208), Scopus (192), Web of science (27), preprint servers such as medRxiv, arXiv, bioRxiv, BioRN, ChiRxiv, ChiRN and SSRN (3), and Google Scholar (209). Among them, 199 duplicate studies were excluded.…”

“…Graphical display of study heterogeneity (GOSH) plot analysis [K-means, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Gaussian] was also undertaken to identify the outliers, and a pooled estimate was arrived at after removing all the outliers, simultaneously. Heterogeneity was explored by means of subgroup analysis (27) according to the type of population (refugee & IDPs) and geographical origin of the refugees. The mixed effect model has been used for subgroup analysis.…”

Monkeypox Patients Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Geographic and Temporal Variations

“…After the title abstract selection, 170 articles were eligible for full-text selection. In the full-text screening, 139 articles were excluded due to non-reporting of HIV status (96), incorrect study design (27), and incorrect patient population (16). Two new studies were included from the hand-search of the references from the included studies.…”

“…The epidemiological profile of mpox has shown considerable variation between continents, endemic/nonendemic countries, and the period of the cases (2022 multicountry outbreak vs. Pre-2022) in terms of mortality rates, clinical manifestations, and demographic characteristics of the affected population [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Studies in Africa before the current outbreak reported a prevalence of HIV among mpox in the range of 18.75% to 25%[ 18 , 19 ].…”

Prevalence of mpox viral DNA in cutaneous specimens of monkeypox-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The clinical manifestations of mpox infection are mostly characterized by headaches, fever, chills, fatigue, myalgia, flu-like symptoms, skin lesions/rash, and lymphadenopathy. However, in the recent outbreak, atypical patterns of clinical symptoms have been reported in many cases ( Huhn et al., 2005 ; Satapathy et al., 2022 ; Thornhill et al., 2022a ; Gandhi AP. et al., 2023 ; Gandhi PA. et al., 2023 ).…”