Ophthalmic imaging in diabetic retinopathy: A review

Nanegrungsunk, Onnisa; Patikulsila, Direk; Sadda, Srinivas R.

doi:10.1111/ceo.14170

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…A few, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein or angiography and OCT oximetry which can provide dynamic and functional information regarding the current condition of the retina. 3 …”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Technical Failures in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program [Letter]

Budu,

Esa,

Idrus

2024

OPTH

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Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Technical Failures in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program [Letter]

Budu,

Esa,

Idrus

2024

OPTH

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“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as one of the most prevalent complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and poses a significant threat to vision [ 1 ]. In 2020, DR was reported as the fifth most prevalent cause of blindness among individuals aged 50 years and older [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular communication network factor 1 promotes retinal leakage in diabetic retinopathy via inducing neutrophil stasis and neutrophil extracellular traps extrusion

Li,

Qian,

et al. 2024

Cell Commun Signal

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Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness and is characterized by dysfunction of the retinal microvasculature. Neutrophil stasis, resulting in retinal inflammation and the occlusion of retinal microvessels, is a key mechanism driving DR. These plugging neutrophils subsequently release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which further disrupts the retinal vasculature. Nevertheless, the primary catalyst for NETs extrusion in the retinal microenvironment under diabetic conditions remains unidentified. In recent studies, cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) has emerged as a central molecule modulating inflammation in pathological settings. Additionally, our previous research has shed light on the pathogenic role of CCN1 in maintaining endothelial integrity. However, the precise role of CCN1 in microvascular occlusion and its potential interaction with neutrophils in diabetic retinopathy have not yet been investigated. Methods We first examined the circulating level of CCN1 and NETs in our study cohort and analyzed related clinical parameters. To further evaluate the effects of CCN1 in vivo, we used recombinant CCN1 protein and CCN1 overexpression for gain-of-function, and CCN1 knockdown for loss-of-function by intravitreal injection in diabetic mice. The underlying mechanisms were further validated on human and mouse primary neutrophils and dHL60 cells. Results We detected increases in CCN1 and neutrophil elastase in the plasma of DR patients and the retinas of diabetic mice. CCN1 gain-of-function in the retina resulted in neutrophil stasis, NETs extrusion, capillary degeneration, and retinal leakage. Pre-treatment with DNase I to reduce NETs effectively eliminated CCN1-induced retinal leakage. Notably, both CCN1 knockdown and DNase I treatment rescued the retinal leakage in the context of diabetes. In vitro, CCN1 promoted adherence, migration, and NETs extrusion of neutrophils. Conclusion In this study, we uncover that CCN1 contributed to retinal inflammation, vessel occlusion and leakage by recruiting neutrophils and triggering NETs extrusion under diabetic conditions. Notably, manipulating CCN1 was able to hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

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“…A number of devices exist to observe the retina and clinically relevant biomarkers, often non-invasively. For instance, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its angiographic extension (OCTA) enable non-invasive three dimensional, high resolution scans of the retinal structure and vessels in a matter of seconds [204,267]. These devices undoubtedly improve clinical care by providing accurate measurements of biomarkers, such as oedema, which in turn informs treatment strategies [137].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing treatment of retinal disease through in silico trials

2023

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Treating retinal diseases to prevent sight loss is an increasingly important challenge. Thanks to the configuration of the eye, the retina can be examined relatively easily in situ. Owing to recent technological development in scanning devices, much progress has been made in understanding the structure of the retina and characterising retinal biomarkers. However, treatment options remain limited and are often of low efficiency and efficacy.In recent years, the concept of in silico clinical trials has been adopted by many pharmaceutical companies to optimise and accelerate the development of therapeutics. In silico clinical trials rely on the use of mathematical models based on the physical and biochemical mechanisms underpinning a biological system. With appropriate simplifications and assumptions, one can generate computer simulations of various treatment regimens, new therapeutic molecules, delivery strategies and so forth, rapidly and at a fraction of the cost required for the equivalent experiments. Such simulations have the potential not only to hasten the development of therapies and strategies but also tooptimise the use of existing therapeutics.In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in in silico models of the retina for mathematicians, biomedical scientists and clinicians, highlighting the challenges to developing in silico clinical trials. Throughout this paper, we highlight key findings from in silico models about the physiology of the retina in health and disease. We describe the main building blocks of in silico clinical trials and identify challenges to developing in silico clinical trials of retinal diseases.

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Ophthalmic imaging in diabetic retinopathy: A review

Cited by 20 publications

References 100 publications

Addressing Technical Failures in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program [Letter]

Addressing Technical Failures in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program [Letter]

Cellular communication network factor 1 promotes retinal leakage in diabetic retinopathy via inducing neutrophil stasis and neutrophil extracellular traps extrusion

Advancing treatment of retinal disease through in silico trials

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