Ophthalmic Graves' Disease

Hall, R.; Doniach, Deborah; Kirkham, K. E.; Kabir, David El

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)91513-8

Cited by 61 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These results are largely in accordance with previous observations (Hall et al 1970;Ivy 1972;Ormston et al 1973;Chopra et al 1973: Solomon et al 1977Tamai et al 1980), although others have found abnormal thyroid tests more frequently.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The euthyroid patient may, however, show bio¬ chemical signs of thyroid dysfunction such as TRH non-responsiveness (Ormston et al 1973;Chopra et al 1973;Tamai et al 1980), exaggerated re¬ sponse of TSH to TRH (Ormston et al 1973), T3 non-suppressibility (Liddle et al 1965;Hall et al 1970;Ivy 1972;Ormston et al 1973;Chopra et al 1973;Solomon et al 1977;Tamai et al 1980) or presence of thyroid autoantibodies (Solomon et al 1977;Teng et al 1977). A number of cases has been recorded without any abnormality in thyroid function tests, and this condition was recently called 'isolated Graves' ophthalmopathy' (Solomon et al 1977), and is supposed to be a separate autoimmune disease (Solomon et al 1977;Teng et al 1977;Volpe 1977;Kodamak et al 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The differential diagnostic problems in unilateral euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy

Perrild

Feldt‐Rasmussen

Bech

et al. 1984

Acta Endocrinologica

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Nine consecutive patients with unilateral ophthalmopathy with suspected endocrine pathogenesis were investigated with a TRH test, a T3 suppression-test, thyroid autoantibodies and a subsequent computerized tomography (CT)-scan. All patients were clinically and biochemically euthyroid. Seven of 9 patients had a normal TRH test and 6 of 7 had a normal T3 suppression test. Slightly to moderately elevated microsomal and thyroglobulin (determined with radioimmunoassay)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential diagnostic problems in unilateral euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy

Perrild

Feldt‐Rasmussen

Bech

et al. 1984

Acta Endocrinologica

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“…We had pre¬ viously proposed that the thyroid gland might respond poorly to stimulating factors due to the complication of advanced autoimmune thyroiditis or to circulating in¬ hibitory factors (8). No goiter or small goiter is one of the clinical characteristics of this disease (2,4,5,8,14,18), which seems to support the above hypothesis. Actually, the histological finding of autoimmune thyroiditis has been re¬ ported in these patients (2,(19)(20)(21), although it was not al¬ ways confirmed (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Graves' ophthal¬ mopathy sometimes occurs without hyperthyroidism and it is called euthyroid Graves' disease, euthyroid Graves' opthalmopathy, or ophthalmic Graves' disease (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(14)(15)(16). In some studies, these conditions have been re¬ ported to be a single and isolated autoimmune disease dif¬ ferent from Graves' disease because there was no evidence of thyroid abnormalities (4,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Response of the Thyroid Gland to Endogenous Thyrotropin Increased by Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Patients with Euthyroid Graves' Disease

Kashiwai

Tada²,

Watanabe³

et al. 1998

Thyroid

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Euthyroid Graves' disease is defined as Graves' ophthalmopathy without hyperthyroidism, and the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) has been known to be a good marker for diagnosis. However, the question of why TSAb does not cause hyperthyroidism arises. To settle this, we examined thyroid responsiveness to endogenous thyrotropin (TSH) increased by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in 23 patients with euthyroid Graves' disease. Nineteen patients (83%) had positive TSAb and 21 (91%) had at least one of the autoantibodies to the thyroid gland. Only one patient (4%) had positive thyroid-stimulation blocking antibody (TSBAb). Basal levels of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyrotropin (TSH) in patients were not different from those in age- and sex-matched normal controls (n = 25). Response of TSH to TRH was normal; however, an increase of FT3, either absolute or as a multiple of baseline, in the TRH test in these patients (0.46+/-0.23 pg/mL, P < 0.001; 1.14+/-0.09 fold, p < 0.001) was significantly lower than that in controls (0.86+/-0.19 pg/ml; 1.26+/-0.07 fold). There was no correlation between the deltaFT3/deltaTSH ratio and TSAb activity. It is concluded that thyroid responsiveness in euthyroid Graves' disease is lower than in normal controls and this explains the euthyroid function in the patients even in the presence of TSAb.

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“…playing a major part in the pathogenesis of the eye signs of Grave's disease. 6 Pituitary thyrotrophic hormone (T.S.H.) is unlikely to be a major aetiological factor, as its level is usually decreased and often undetectable in patients with thyrotoxicosis.18 Though some authors have reported a correlation between the L.A.T.S.…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine exophthalmos.

Havard¹

1972

BMJ

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Ophthalmic Graves' Disease

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

The differential diagnostic problems in unilateral euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy

The differential diagnostic problems in unilateral euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy

Low Response of the Thyroid Gland to Endogenous Thyrotropin Increased by Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Patients with Euthyroid Graves' Disease

Endocrine exophthalmos.

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