Operator support systems for status identification and alarm processing at the OECD Halden Reactor Project‚Äî experiences and perspective for future development

Bye, Andreas; Berg, Øivind; Øwre, Fridtjov

doi:10.1201/9780203481714.ch9

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Critical to this is information obtained from alarm systems, since alarms will often be the operator's first indication of a change in the process state information, and will then also act as invaluable process status information when the operator comes to diagnose disturbance causes and plan remedial actions (Haugset 1990, Marshall and Baker 1994, Stanton 1994). As a negative example of this, nuclear power plant incidents such as at Three Mile Island (Kemeny 1979) have shown inadequate alarm systems to be a significant contributing factor within the failure to correctly diagnose the disturbance cause, and it is such incidents that have motivated the development of advanced computer-based alarm systems (Bye et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a negative example of this, nuclear power plant incidents such as at Three Mile Island (Kemeny 1979) have shown inadequate alarm systems to be a significant contributing factor within the failure to correctly diagnose the disturbance cause, and it is such incidents that have motivated the development of advanced computer-based alarm systems (Bye et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development of a situation awareness measure to evaluate advanced alarm systems in nuclear power plant control rooms

Hogg¹,

Folles²,

Strand-Volden³

et al. 1995

Ergonomics

137

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The process controller is required to remain updated regarding developments in the dynamically changing process state, this being referred to as the maintenance of situation awareness. Alarm systems play an important role within this task, and therefore a measure of how effective the system is for enhancing the operator's situation awareness is desirable. One proposed measure is the Situation Awareness Control Room Inventory (SACRI). The methods and results of four simulator studies undertaken to develop and evaluate SACRI are outlined in this paper. It is concluded that SACRI is of use alongside measures such as detection time and diagnostic accuracy in simulator-based evaluations of alarm system design. IntroductionThe operator of a nuclear power plant must have knowledge of the current process state at all times, and the ability to use this knowledge effectively in predicting future process states and controlling the process to attain operational goals (Bainbridge 1978, Bainbridge 1983, Endsley 1995a, Wickens 1992, Wirstad 1988. Critical to this is information obtained from alarm systems, since alarms will often be the operator's first indication of a change in the process state information, and will then also act as invaluable process status information when the operator comes to diagnose disturbance causes and plan remedial actions (Haugset 1990, Marshall and Baker 1994, Stanton 1994. As a negative example of this, nuclear power plant incidents such as at Three Mile Island (Kemeny 1979) have shown inadequate alarm systems to be a significant contributing factor within the failure to correctly diagnose the disturbance cause, and it is such incidents that have motivated the development of advanced computer-based alarm systems (Bye et al. 1994).Advanced alarm systems use new methods of alarm generation, structuring, and presentation to enhance the effectiveness with which alarm information is obtained and processed by the operator. Example design concepts include the following (Bye et al. 1994):

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Development of a situation awareness measure to evaluate advanced alarm systems in nuclear power plant control rooms

Hogg¹,

Folles²,

Strand-Volden³

et al. 1995

Ergonomics

137

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“…Properly designed alarm systems can benefit operators in conducting routine and emergency tasks [179]. In the early stage, there have been many studies on multi-alarm systems in control rooms, Bye et al [180] proposed an operator support system for status identification and alarm processing and some other researchers [181]- [185] researched the multi-alarm system in the control room to help operators filter or suppress unnecessarily or nuisance alarms and diagnose abnormality of the plant process to reduce operational errors. In recent years, the multi-alarm system is still an important research field.…”

Section: ) Emergency Alarmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Power Plants With Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 Era: Top-Level Design and Current Applications—A Systemic Review

Lyu

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Nuclear energy can make an important contribution to low-carbon energy supply for Industry 4.0, while Industry 4.0 can reform this industry in return. As a typical and complex man-machine-network integration system, various faults, insufficient automation and stressed human operators limit the further popularization of nuclear power plants (NPPs) while these issues can be addressed by the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In this work, we try to present a systemic review of how AI can benefit NPPs in a top-to-down fashion. We discuss limitations in current NPPs and introduce the concept of Nuclear Power Plant Human-Cyber-Physical System (NPPHCPS) as the top-level design. Then, we category AI-related nuclear power applications into Physical-Plant-Centered and Human-Operator-Centered technologies and review research works from 7 typical NPP functional scenarios in the recent two decades. In each NPP functional scenario, how researchers integrate AI into NPPs is presented following timeline. We hope this review can be used as the guideline for NPPs' Design in the future and contribute to green Industry 4.0.

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“…The operators can be overwhelmed by the sheer number of alarms, even though only one or a few of them are worthy of immediate consideration by the operators (e.g. Bye, Berg & Owre, 1994;Mackenzie et al, 1994;Marshall & Baker, 1994;Patterson, 1990;Sorkin, 1988;.…”

Section: Inopportune Alarmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major focus seems to be on the reduction of the amount of alarms (e.g. the HALO approach described in Bye et al, 1994;Block & Schraaf, 1996;Schreiber & Schreiber, 1989;Uckun, 1994). Other approaches aim at proper acoustic profiles of alarms.…”

Section: Inopportune Alarmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Problems with Auditory Alarms: Defining the Roles of Alarms in Process Monitoring Tasks

Xiao

Seagull

1999

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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It has become a standard practice to use auditory alarm devices to enhance human monitoring performance in monitoring tasks. However, the effectiveness of such practice has been-challenged from time to time, which leads to the fundamental question of what roles alarms should and could assume. This paper reviews reported observations of interactions between human operators and alarm mechanisms in patient care, aviation, and process control. Based on the reviews, we propose that the roles of alarms in process monitoring tasks should be viewed more as a way of informing process status and less as a way of interpreting the significance of process status. The roles can best be understood in the skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based performance framework. Implications to alarm and auditory designs are discussed. Specifically, design of alarm devices should be guided by the principle of information provision regardless of whether an alarm may be true or false indication of “alarming” events.

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Operator support systems for status identification and alarm processing at the OECD Halden Reactor Project‚Äî experiences and perspective for future development

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Development of a situation awareness measure to evaluate advanced alarm systems in nuclear power plant control rooms

Development of a situation awareness measure to evaluate advanced alarm systems in nuclear power plant control rooms

Nuclear Power Plants With Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 Era: Top-Level Design and Current Applications—A Systemic Review

An Analysis of Problems with Auditory Alarms: Defining the Roles of Alarms in Process Monitoring Tasks

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