Operative Treatment of the Cavovarus Foot

Kaplan, Jonathan; Aiyer, Amiethab; Cerrato, Rebecca; Jeng, Clifford L.; Campbell, John T.

doi:10.1177/1071100718798817

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…3. The Silfverskiöld test [11,13] checks for equinus (limited dorsiflexion) of the ankle, or gastrocnemius tightness [2,3]. Normal dorsiflexion should be 10 and 20 degrees above neutral in passive and…”

Section: The Coleman Block Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over time, due to bone remodelling, the bones in the midfoot become more trapezoidal in shape, increasing plantarflexion of the first ray [4]. As a result, the hindfoot cannot evert and has decreased mobility [11]. The foot has increased rigidity [2,3], decreased energy dissipation, and is prone to stress injuries, especially at the fourth and fifth metatarsals [12].…”

Section: Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A normal, neutral arch has the least possibility of injury because of its even plantar pressure distribution. Any deviation from normal increases overall plantar [8,14], hallux valgus [8], and pain on the lateral aspect of the foot [6,10,11,13]. The Achilles tendon, which becomes a secondary inverter, is commonly pathologic as well [8,13,14].…”

Section: Normal Feetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathologies associated with subtle cavovarus foot ( Figure 7) include ankle instability [3,4,6,8,13,21,30], peroneal tendon pathologies [2,3,8,13,14], stress fractures [6,13] especially at the 5 th metatarsal head [3,4], plantar fasciitis [3,8,10], ankle arthritis [11], forefoot equines [3,6], osteochondral talar lesion [8], mechanical metatarsalgia [8,10,11], hallux sesamoid disorders of their center of pressure and a more lateral gait. As a result, they hesitate when loading their forefoot and toes at the end of the stance phase, as they are unstable in plantarflexion [7,32].…”

Section: Associated Pathologies/injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This should be followed by a posterior view of the hindfoot for confirmation, although it will only be positive in more severe cavovarus deformities [3,8]. [2,4,6,9] detects if the hindfoot varus is of primary origin or is secondarily caused by the plantarflexion of the first metatarsal [11,13]. The subject's heel and lateral border are supported by a 1-inch block to unload the first ray ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2020

Int J Foot Ankle

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This literature review investigated the subtle cavovarus foot with a search in Pubmed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: Subtle cavovarus foot, cavovarus foot or cavus foot and one or more of the following: Associations, injuries, ankle sprains, ankle instability, sports, plantar pressure, dynamic pedobarography, Tekscan and footprint, from January 1980 to February 2019. Subtle cavovarus foot can alter foot and ankle biomechanics but reference values are lacking for dynamic pedobarography assessment. Subtle cavovarus foot is associated with peroneal tendinopathy, metatarsal stress fractures, and recurrent lateral ankle sprains, potentially leading to chronic ankle instability due to altered walking central control patterns. Treatment includes flexible/semi-rigid orthotics to laterally offload the foot, or surgery in rigid cases. Subtle cavovarus foot is associated with chronic foot and ankle pathologies. Unfortunately, diagnosis is often difficult or delayed. Early conservative management, with appropriate foot orthotics, favors a safer return to sports.

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Section: The Coleman Block Testmentioning

confidence: 99%