Operative and Standard Operative Temperature: Tools for Thermal Energetics Studies

Bakken, George S.; Santee, William R.; Erskine, Dale J.

doi:10.1093/icb/25.4.933

Cited by 177 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To characterize the operative environmental temperature range (i.e., the range of thermal microhabitats available to diurnal heliothermic reptiles, Bakken et al, 1985) in each forest type, models of lizards were attached to HOBO Temp TM miniature temperature data loggers and placed in the field. Thermal models were built to mimic the thermal properties of a Carlia-sized lizard (the most abundant genus in the study area), and were made of 4-mm diameter clear vinyl tubing, 40 mm long, painted with grey latex paint (1 black:1 white), and filled with air.…”

Section: Operative Environmental Temperatures In Different Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical reptiles in pine forests: Assemblage responses to plantations and plantation management by burning

Mott

Alford

Schwarzkopf

2010

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Operative Environmental Temperatures In Different Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical reptiles in pine forests: Assemblage responses to plantations and plantation management by burning

Mott

Alford

Schwarzkopf

2010

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Each terrarium was divided into three equalsized sectors: sector 1 was directly under the bulb and termed ''warm'', sector 2 was in the middle of the arena and termed ''medium'', and sector 3 was above the ice boxes and termed ''cool''. We measured the operative temperature (an estimate of body temperature for an organism that does not exhibit behavioural or physiological thermoregulation, and has reached thermal equilibrium; Bakken et al 1985;Hertz et al 1993) in the terraria with the aid of physical models (Hertz et al 1993). Although the importance of model attributes is debated (Walsberg and Wolf 1996;Vitt and Sartorius 1999;Shine and Kearney 2001;Dzialowski 2005), considering the size of Z. vivipara and the aims of our measurements, we used simple hollow copper pipes (65 mm long, 12 mm in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) sealed with plastic caps, painted brown with a small hole drilled in the middle, through which a K-type thermocouple connected to a TES-TO 925 digital thermometer (TESTO, Lenzkirch, Germany) could be inserted.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental support for the cost–benefit model of lizard thermoregulation: the effects of predation risk and food supply

et al. 2007

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Huey and Slatkin's (Q Rev Biol 51:363-384, 1976) cost-benefit model of lizard thermoregulation predicts variation in thermoregulatory strategies (from active thermoregulation to thermoconformity) with respect to the costs and benefits of the thermoregulatory behaviour and the thermal quality of the environment. Although this framework has been widely employed in correlative field studies, experimental tests aiming to evaluate the model are scarce. We conducted laboratory experiments to see whether the common lizard Zootoca vivipara, an active and effective thermoregulator in the field, can alter its thermoregulatory behaviour in response to differences in perceived predation risk and food supply in a constant thermal environment. Predation risk and food supply were represented by chemical cues of a sympatric snake predator and the lizards' food in the laboratory, respectively. We also compared males and postpartum females, which have different preferred or "target" body temperatures. Both sexes thermoregulated actively in all treatments. We detected sex-specific differences in the way lizards adjusted their accuracy of thermoregulation to the treatments: males were less accurate in the predation treatment, while no such effects were detected in females. Neither sex reacted to the food treatment. With regard to the two main types of thermoregulatory behaviour (activity and microhabitat selection), the treatments had no significant effects. However, postpartum females were more active than males in all treatments. Our results further stress that increasing physiological performance by active thermoregulation has high priority in lizard behaviour, but also shows that lizards can indeed shift their accuracy of thermoregulation in response to costs with possible immediate negative fitness effects (i.e. predation-caused mortality).

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“…Thermal environments are influenced not only by air temperature but also by radiation load and convective effects of wind (Chappell 1982;Tsuji et al 1986). These factors can be integrated into a single measure, T e (Bakken et al 1985;Bakken 1992), which can be estimated by mounting a freshly killed insect on a thermocouple probe and placing it in the field environment (Dreisig 1995;Frears et al 1997;Schultz 1998;Bishop and Armbruster 1999;Stone et al 1999). I measured T e at the thorax using a freshly killed male L. diana with its wings open every hour from sunrise to sunset at the site often occupied by territorial males in the preliminary investigations.…”

Section: Operative Temperature At Territoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in the territorial behaviour of the satyrine butterfly Lethe diana are mediated by temperature

Ide

2002

J Ethol

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The territorial behaviour of butterflies often changes with temperature. The satyrine butterfly Lethe diana has three generations a year, and males display territorial behaviour in the May-June and September-October generations, but not in the July-August generation. This study investigated the relationship between this seasonal change in mate-locating behaviour and thermoregulation. When L. diana was able to hold a territory, thoracic temperature ranged from 23.8 to 33.6 ° C. This temperature was mainly influenced by environmental temperature based on air temperature, solar radiation, and wind, and metabolic heat was estimated to increase thoracic temperature by about 5 ° C in the May-June generation. When environmental temperature at a territorial site was within this range of the thoracic temperature minus the metabolic heat (approximately 5 ° C), L. diana males held territories. Since territorial sites were selected irrespective of the temperature, L. diana could not hold a territory when the temperature of the territorial site exceeded the threshold. In July-August, the temperature of the territorial site was almost always above the suitable range. These results suggest that seasonal change in territoriality of L. diana is due to behavioural thermoregulation.

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Operative and Standard Operative Temperature: Tools for Thermal Energetics Studies

Cited by 177 publications

References 20 publications

Tropical reptiles in pine forests: Assemblage responses to plantations and plantation management by burning

Tropical reptiles in pine forests: Assemblage responses to plantations and plantation management by burning

Experimental support for the cost–benefit model of lizard thermoregulation: the effects of predation risk and food supply

Seasonal changes in the territorial behaviour of the satyrine butterfly Lethe diana are mediated by temperature

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