Operational Theory and Qualification of a Unique Autonomous Inflow Control Device for First Use in a Heavy Oil Layered Reservoir

Abstract

As Operators face challenges due to increased water production worldwide the application of Passive and Autonomous Inflow Control Devices has proven effective at both delaying water production onset (passive functionality) and reducing water production at the surface (autonomous functionality). Passive technology has been deployed very effectively in hundreds of wells while autonomous devices are showing great promise to reduce costs, environmental risk, and potentially a significant reduction in topside infrastructure. Passive devices only delay the onset of unwanted fluid breakthrough. Once breakthrough occurs, these tools do not restrict production. This led to the development of AICD technology which provides passive functionality initially but restricts water production at breakthrough. This functionality is greatly enhanced when compartments are created downhole to enable a "network" of devices to function independently at breakthrough, allowing other compartments to produce oil relatively unrestricted. The design proposed in this paper uses no moving parts, significantly restricts water production in a wide range of crude viscosities, is easily configured for a variety of downhole conditions, and delivers passive ICD performance with AICD benefits using a simple, reliable, and unique design. The tool functions to restrict water production progressively as either oil viscosity or water cut increase without ever completely or nearly completely closing to production, which makes it an excellent solution for marginal production wells, younger reservoirs, and wells with lower overall production rates compared to other technologies. The paper will discuss the theory of the device's functionality to differentiate between fluids present. Laboratory test results will be shown to demonstrate flow performance as well as API 19ICD[1] testing for erosion, plugging resistance, and mud flow initiation testing. The completion modeling process will be discussed in detail for an upcoming completion in Sinopec's Shengli Field.