Operational report for the 2017 Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes (SUSTAIN) drilling project at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland

Weisenberger, Tobias B.; Guðmundsson, M. T.; Jackson, M.; Gorny, Carolyn; Türke, Andreas; Kleine, Barbara I.; Marshall, Beau; Jørgensen, Steffen Leth; Marteinsson, Viggó Þór; Stefánsson, Andri; White, James D. L.; Barich, Amel; Bergsten, Pauline; Bryce, Julie; Couper, Samantha; Fahnestock, Florencia; Franzson, Hjalti; Grimaldi, Carla; Groh, Marco; Guðmundsson, Ágúst; Gunnlaugsson, Ágúst Thór; Hamelin, C.; Högnadóttir, Þórdís; Jónasson, Kristján; Jónsson, Sigurður Sveinn; Klonowski, Alexandra; Kück, Jochem; Magnússon, Rögnvaldur Líndal; Massey, Erica; McPhie, Jocelyn; Ólafsson, Einar Sindri; Onstad, Solveig Lie; Prause, Simon; Perez, Velveth; Rhodes, J. M.; Snorrason, Snorri Páll; Report, Icdp Icdp Operational

doi:10.2312/icdp.5059.001

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The island was formed between 1963 and 1967 by underwater basaltic eruptions from the seafloor [15–17]. Cultivation and strain isolation was part of an effort supported by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) among other project partners, to characterize the subsurface edifice of the island in terms of volcanology, mineralogy, hydrology, chemistry and microbiology [18–20]. Of many bacteria isolated while studying the cultivable part of the subsurface prokaryotic diversity, the strains described here were selected because of their low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (~96 %) to other species.…”

Section: Isolation and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodothermus bifroesti sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from the basaltic subsurface of the volcanic island Surtsey

Bergsten

Vannier

Mougeolle

et al. 2022

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Novel thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from the subsurface of the volcanic island Surtsey off the south coast of Iceland. The strains were isolated from tephra core and borehole fluid samples collected below 70 m depth. The Gram-negative bacteria were rod-shaped (0.3–0.4 µm wide, 1.5–7 µm long), aerobic, non-sporulating and non-motile. Optimal growth was observed at 70 °C, at pH 7–7.5 and with 1% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis identified the strains as members of the genus Rhodothermus . The type strain, ISCAR-7401T, was genetically distinct from its closest relatives Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4252T and Rhodothermus profundi PRI 2902T based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (95.81 and 96.01%, respectively), genomic average nucleotide identity (73.73 and 72.61%, respectively) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (17.6 and 16.9%, respectively). The major fatty acids of ISCAR-7401T were iso-C17:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C15:0 (>10 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 while phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid and a phospholipid were the predominant polar lipid components. Based on comparative chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that the isolated strain represents a novel species of the genus Rhodothermus with the name Rhodothermus bifroesti sp. nov. The type strain is ISCAR-7401T (=DSM 112103T=CIP 111906T).

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Section: Isolation and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodothermus bifroesti sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from the basaltic subsurface of the volcanic island Surtsey

Bergsten

Vannier

Mougeolle

et al. 2022

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…The active hydrothermal-seawater system discovered passes through the subsurface deposits, in which the maximal temperature of 124.6 • C in 2017 exceeded the presumed upper limit for functional life [22,[25][26][27][28]. Thirty-eight years later, three new cored boreholes (SE-02a, SE-02b, and SE-03) were drilled specifically for microbiological and geological analysis [29][30][31]. Over the years, many studies have explored the Surtsey edifice in terms of geology, mineral, and chemical composition, suggesting that fluid-rock interactions in the submarine Surtsey basaltic deposits behave similarly to basaltic oceanic crust [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturable Bacterial Diversity from the Basaltic Subsurface of the Young Volcanic Island of Surtsey, Iceland

et al. 2022

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The oceanic crust is the world’s largest and least explored biosphere on Earth. The basaltic subsurface of Surtsey island in Iceland represents an analog of the warm and newly formed-oceanic crust and offers a great opportunity for discovering novel microorganisms. In this study, we collected borehole fluids, drill cores, and fumarole samples to evaluate the culturable bacterial diversity from the subsurface of the island. Enrichment cultures were performed using different conditions, media and temperatures. A total of 195 bacterial isolates were successfully cultivated, purified, and identified based on MALDI-TOF MS analysis and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Six different clades belonging to Firmicutes (40%), Gammaproteobacteria (28.7%), Actinobacteriota (22%), Bacteroidota (4.1%), Alphaproteobacteria (3%), and Deinococcota (2%) were identified. Bacillus (13.3%) was the major genus, followed by Geobacillus (12.33%), Enterobacter (9.23%), Pseudomonas (6.15%), and Halomonas (5.64%). More than 13% of the cultured strains potentially represent novel species based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolated strains were closely related to species previously detected in soil, seawater, and hydrothermal active sites. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains were aligned against Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) from the previously published 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence datasets obtained from the same samples. Compared with the culture-independent community composition, only 5 out of 49 phyla were cultivated. However, those five phyla accounted for more than 80% of the ASVs. Only 121 out of a total of 5642 distinct ASVs were culturable (≥98.65% sequence similarity), representing less than 2.15% of the ASVs detected in the amplicon dataset. Here, we support that the subsurface of Surtsey volcano hosts diverse and active microbial communities and that both culture-dependent and -independent methods are essential to improving our insight into such an extreme and complex volcanic environment.

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Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption

Montesano,

Rispoli,

Petrosino

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Alteration of basaltic glass and in situ mineral growth are fundamental processes that influence the chemical and material properties of Earth’s oceanic crust. These processes have evolved at the basaltic island of Surtsey (SW Iceland) since eruptions terminated in 1967. Here, subaerial and submarine lapilli tuff samples from a 192 m-deep borehole drilled in 2017 (SE-02b) are characterized through petrographic studies, X-ray powder diffraction analyses, and SEM–EDS imaging and chemical analyses. The integrated results reveal (i) multi-stage palagonitization processes in basaltic glass and precipitation of secondary minerals from matrix pore fluids, (ii) multi-stage crystallization of secondary phillipsite, analcime and Al-tobermorite in the vesicles of basaltic pyroclasts and (iii) variations in palagonitization processes as a function of thermal and hydrological domains. Although temperature appears to be an important factor in controlling rates of secondary mineralization, the chemistry of original basaltic components and interstitial fluids also influences reaction pathways in the young pyroclastic deposits. The integration of systematic mineralogical analyses of the 50-year-old tuff from one of the most carefully monitored volcanic sites on Earth, together with temperature monitoring in boreholes since 1980, provide a reference framework for evaluating mineralogical evolution in other Surtseyan-type volcanoes worldwide.

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Operational report for the 2017 Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes (SUSTAIN) drilling project at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Rhodothermus bifroesti sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from the basaltic subsurface of the volcanic island Surtsey

Rhodothermus bifroesti sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from the basaltic subsurface of the volcanic island Surtsey

Culturable Bacterial Diversity from the Basaltic Subsurface of the Young Volcanic Island of Surtsey, Iceland

Authigenic mineralization in Surtsey basaltic tuff deposits at 50 years after eruption

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