Operational parameters relevant to the examination of phosgene synthesis catalysis

Abstract

Large-scale phosgene synthesis, as encountered within isocyanate manufacturing chains, is typically performed by the reaction of carbon monoxide and dichlorine over an activated carbon catalyst. A modified micro-reactor arrangement is...

Recent Advances in the Fixation of CO2 into Quinazoline and Benzimidazole

“…CO 2 is a renewable, nonflammable, nontoxic, and readily available C1 source. ,− Over the years, CO 2 has been captured and utilized in a variety of ways such as conventional capture, oxyfuel capture, precombustion capture, postcombustion capture, and cryogenic CO 2 capture. − In addition, CO 2 was used in the CO 2 -philes, which were further used to develop surfactants and chelating agents. − Furthermore, CO 2 is an efficient C1 feedstock in the synthesis of various chemicals such as formic acid, urea, methanol, cyclic carbonates, oxazolidine, urethanes, polycarbonates, benzimidazole, quinazoline, etc. − Previously, phosgene methods were used for the synthesis of benzimidazole and quinazoline, but there were so many limitations that this method is now replaced by the catalytic process. − The biggest hurdle for CO 2 fixation in value-added products is kinetic inertness and thermodynamic stability. − Furthermore, kinetic inertness and catalytic pathways such as homogeneous, heterogeneous, photochemical, radiochemical, electrochemical, thermochemical, and biochemical pathways have been used. − Thiols, halohydrocarbons, olefins, and amines are nucleophilic and N-heterocyclic compounds that are biocompatible and used in the medical industry. In addition, they are also used in plant growth regulators. − Benzimidazole and quinazoline are important N-heterocyclic compounds that are widely used as the intermediate substrates for which C–N, C–S, C–C, and C–O bonds are formed via CO 2 .…”