Operational Impact of Health Problems Observed During a Four-Month Military Deployment in Ivory Coast

Sauvet, Fabien; Lebeau, Christian; Foucher, Stéphane; Flusain, Olivier; Jouanin, Jean Claude; Debonne, Jean-Marc

doi:10.7205/milmed-d-05-1008

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Malaria is most common in developing countries in tropical and subtropical regions in parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa (Russell 1956; Angus 2001). Malaria is a serious health concern for military personnel and travelers entering infectious regions of the globe (Chen et al 2006; Tepper et al 2007; Sauvet et al 2009; Schmid et al 2009); however, small outbreaks of locally acquired, mosquito-transmitted malaria also occur in developed countries (Filler et al 2006). A number of antimalarial drugs are used prophylactically against or as a treatment for malaria (Nyunt and Plowe 2007; Dow et al 2008; Carmargo et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mefloquine Damage Vestibular Hair Cells in Organotypic Cultures

Ding

Jiang

et al. 2010

Neurotox Res

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Mefloquine is an effective and widely used anti-malarial drug; however, some clinical reports suggest that it can cause dizziness, balance, and vestibular disturbances. To determine if mefloquine might be toxic to the vestibular system, we applied mefloquine to organotypic cultures of the macula of the utricle from postnatal day 3 rats. The macula of the utricle was microdissected out as a flat surface preparation and cultured with 10, 50, 100, or 200 μM mefloquine for 24 h. Specimens were stained with TRITC-conjugated phalloidin to label the actin in hair cell stereocilia and TO-PRO-3 to visualize cell nuclei. Some utricles were also labeled with fluorogenic caspase-3, -8, or -9 indicators to evaluate the mechanism of programmed cell death. Mefloquine treatment caused a dose-dependent loss of utricular hair cells. Treatment with 10 μM caused a slight reduction, 50 μM caused a significant reduction, and 200 μM destroyed nearly all the hair cells. Hair cell nuclei in mefloquine-treated utricles were condensed and fragmented, morphological features of apoptosis. Mefloquine-treated utricles were positive for the extrinsic initiator caspase-8 and intrinsic initiator caspase-9 and downstream executioner caspase-3. These results indicate that mefloquine can induce significant hair cell degeneration in the postnatal rat utricle and that mefloquine-induced hair cell death is initiated by both caspase-8 and caspase-9.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mefloquine Damage Vestibular Hair Cells in Organotypic Cultures

Ding

Jiang

et al. 2010

Neurotox Res

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] French soldiers have had gastrointestinal diseases while deployed to areas around the world, including Africa. 14,15 In addition to being present in the Djibouti, French soldiers have been stationed for many years in Senegal, the Côte d'Ivoire, the Central African Republic, Gabon, Chad, Mayotte, La Reunion, and until 2008, Cameroon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Illnesses among French Forces Deployed to Djibouti: French Military Health Surveillance, 2005–2009

Ollivier¹,

Decam²,

Santi³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Despite an increase in foreign tourism and in the numbers of foreign military personnel deployed to Djibouti, little is known about the risk of gastrointestinal illness in this country in eastern Africa. To assess risk and to describe common features of gastrointestinal illnesses, reports of illness derived from military health surveillance data collected during 2005–2009 among French service members deployed to Djibouti were reviewed. Diarrhea was the most common problem; it had an annual incidence ranging from 260 to 349 cases per 1,000 person-years. The risk was higher among soldiers deployed short-term (four months) than among soldiers deployed long-term (two years). This five-year review of French health surveillance data documents a significant burden of diarrhea among French soldiers in Djibouti. The identification of factors associated with risk may permit efficient targeting of interventions to reduce morbidity from gastrointestinal illness.

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“…The impact of malaria on the operations of the French armed forces can be considerable, temporarily saturating evacuation capabilities and medical facilities [47,48] with a median period of unavailability of 7 days (extreme values: 0-90 days) adding up to more than 41,000 days of soldiers' unavailability from 2010 to 2015.…”

Section: Particular Case Of Armed Forces Personnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in malaria epidemiology in France and worldwide, 2000–2015

Thellier¹,

Simard²,

Musset³

et al. 2020

Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses

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En 2015, 212 millions de nouveaux cas de paludisme étaient répertoriés, causant 429 000 morts. L'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) estimait la réduction de nouveaux cas entre 2000 et 2015 à 41 % pour l'ensemble du monde. Les décès dus au paludisme chutaient parallèlement de 62 % dans le monde et de 71 % en Afrique. Le paludisme est essentiellement importé par des voyageurs ou migrants en provenance de zones endémiques, essentiellement d'Afrique subsaharienne (95 %) pour la France métropolitaine. Ce nombre de cas de paludisme d'importation, majoritairement dû à Plasmodium falciparum (85 %), a été estimé à environ 82 000 pour la période 2000-2015. Pour la même période, 6468 cas de paludisme ont été déclarés dans les armées, dont 2430 (37,6 %) importés hors zone d'endémie. Le nombre de cas de paludisme a aussi chuté entre 2000 et 2015 à Mayotte et en Guyane, zone de transmission du paludisme. Mayotte est en phase d'élimination (< 15 cas par an). En Guyane, le nombre de cas déclarés se situent entre 300 et 500 cas par an ces dernières années. La baisse de morbidité et de mortalité est attribuée à la lutte antivectorielle et à l'accès généralisé à des traitements efficaces. Mais les anophèles, insectes vecteurs de la maladie développent des résistances contre la plupart des insecticides. Les parasites du paludisme développent aussi des résistances contre la plupart des antipaludiques utilisés en prévention ou traitement, même aux dernières associations commercialisées comme les combinaisons thérapeutiques à base d'artémisinine.

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Operational Impact of Health Problems Observed During a Four-Month Military Deployment in Ivory Coast

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Mefloquine Damage Vestibular Hair Cells in Organotypic Cultures

Mefloquine Damage Vestibular Hair Cells in Organotypic Cultures

Gastrointestinal Illnesses among French Forces Deployed to Djibouti: French Military Health Surveillance, 2005–2009

Changes in malaria epidemiology in France and worldwide, 2000–2015

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