Operational high-resolution sea surface temperature product in the Gulf of Maine

Vinogradova, Nadya; Zaccheo, T. S.; Alcala, C. M.; Vandemark, Doug

doi:10.1080/1755876x.2009.12027741

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Measurements were made at depths shallower than our kelp forest surveys (1 m vs. 5 m depth) but were nevertheless utilized here, because (a) in situ seawater temperature data at the reef level are lacking in this region, and (b) during summer, Maine's coastal thermocline is typically below 10 m depth (Brown & Irish, 1993). More, empirical buoy measurements are generally more accurate than satellite-derived estimates of SST (Vinogradova et al, 2009). We thus calculated daily mean "Near-Surface" Seawater Temperatures (NSSTs) from hourly measurements taken at 1 m depth.…”

Section: Quantifying Seawater Temperature Changes Through Time and Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean warming undermines the recovery resilience of New England kelp forests following a fishery‐induced trophic cascade

Suskiewicz,

Byrnes,

Steneck

et al. 2024

Ecology

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Ecological theory predicts that kelp forests structured by trophic cascades should experience recovery and persistence of their foundation species when herbivores become rare. Yet, climate change may be altering the outcomes of top‐down forcing in kelp forests, especially those located in regions that have rapidly warmed in recent decades, such as the Gulf of Maine. Here, using data collected annually from 30+ sites spanning >350 km of coastline, we explored the dynamics of Maine's kelp forests in the ~20 years after a fishery‐induced elimination of sea urchin herbivores. Although forests (Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata) had broadly returned to Maine in the late 20th century, we found that forests in northeast Maine have since experienced slow but significant declines in kelp, and forest persistence in the northeast was juxtaposed by a rapid, widespread collapse in the southwest. Forests collapsed in the southwest apparently because ocean warming has—directly and indirectly—made this area inhospitable to kelp. Indeed, when modeling drivers of change using causal techniques from econometrics, we discovered that unusually high summer seawater temperatures the year prior, unusually high spring seawater temperatures, and high sea urchin densities each negatively impacted kelp abundance. Furthermore, the relative power and absolute impact of these drivers varied geographically. Our findings reveal that ocean warming is redefining the outcomes of top‐down forcing in this system, whereby herbivore removal no longer predictably leads to a sustained dominance of foundational kelps but instead has led to a waning dominance (northeast) or the rise of a novel phase state defined by “turf” algae (southwest). Such findings indicate that limiting climate change and managing for low herbivore abundances will be essential for preventing further loss of the vast forests that still exist in northeast Maine. They also more broadly highlight that climate change is “rewriting the rules” of nature, and thus that ecological theory and practice must be revised to account for shifting species and processes.

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Section: Quantifying Seawater Temperature Changes Through Time and Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean warming undermines the recovery resilience of New England kelp forests following a fishery‐induced trophic cascade

Suskiewicz,

Byrnes,

Steneck

et al. 2024

Ecology

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“…This does not mean that observations cannot be used to investigate the diurnal cycle; for instance Vinogradova et al . [] use a combination of products to estimate a mean diurnal cycle for the Gulf of Maine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a variational data assimilation system for the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature

While

Martin

2013

JGR Oceans

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[1] A variational data assimilation system based on an incremental 4D-Var approach is proposed for use with a zero-dimensional model of the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST). Traditional 4D-Var, which seeks to find the initial state of a system, is not appropriate for diurnal SST which is a wind and heat flux driven system that has only a limited memory of its prior state. Instead the proposed assimilation system corrects both the initial SST and the heat and wind fluxes applied throughout the day. The assimilation system is tested using ensembles in a set of idealized twin experiments. In these tests controlling parameters are varied around reasonable ''default'' values with the quality of the analyses assessed against a known ''truth''. Within our tests data assimilation is shown to improve diurnal SST under most circumstances. Analyzed heat fluxes are also sometimes improved, although the improvement is much less than that observed for diurnal SST. The system was not found to improve the wind stress. The only circumstances where diurnal SST was not found to be improved by the assimilation were where either observational errors were large (greater than 0.5 K in our tests), or biases in the observations were too big (less than À0.3 K or greater than 0.2 K). The non-Gaussian behavior of the wind stress was found to have an impact on the assimilation in low-wind conditions and under these conditions the best analyses were obtained by artificially inflating the observation error.Citation: While, J., and M. Martin (2013), Development of a variational data assimilation system for the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature,

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Regional Fused Sea Surface Temperature System for the Gulf of Maine

Vinogradova¹,

Zaccheo²,

Alcalca³

et al. 2008

IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

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Operational high-resolution sea surface temperature product in the Gulf of Maine

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Ocean warming undermines the recovery resilience of New England kelp forests following a fishery‐induced trophic cascade

Ocean warming undermines the recovery resilience of New England kelp forests following a fishery‐induced trophic cascade

Development of a variational data assimilation system for the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature

Regional Fused Sea Surface Temperature System for the Gulf of Maine

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