Operational experiences with inertial response provided by type 4 wind turbines

Fischer, Markus; Engelken, Soenke; Mihov, Nikolay; Mendonça, Angelo Braga

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0137

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Since wind energy and solar PV plants are intermittent by nature their power production is limited by the available wind and solar irradiation. However, it has been shown that wind and solar PV can also participate into frequency regulation when so called synthetic inertia functionality is applied [84,85]. Also HVDC power lines can be utilized for balancing by applying the inertia emulation feature as shown in [86].…”

Section: Frequency Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussion of Large Scale Hydro Dam Deployment: The Case of Congo Grand Inga Hydro Project

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The idea of damming the Congo River has persisted for decades. The Grand Inga project, of up to 42 GW power generation capacity, can only be justified as part of a regional energy master plan for Africa, to bridge the energy gap on the continent. Proponents of very large dams have often exaggerated potential multiple benefits of a mega dam, marginalise environmental concerns and neglect the true risk of such projects, in particular for the fragile economies of developing countries. Studies have reported the financial risks, cost overruns and schedule spills associated with very large dams. In addition, most of the dams in the region are poorly managed. Therefore, the type and scale of Grand Inga is not the solution for millions of not yet electrified people in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this research, scenarios are defined based on announced costs and expected costs. Cost escalations in the range from 5% to 100% for the Inga project in 2030 and 2040 are considered, as average cost overruns are typically at about 70% or higher for similar mega-dams. It was found that when the cost overrun for the Grand Inga project exceeds 35% and −5% for 2030 and 2040 assumptions, respectively, the project becomes economically non-beneficial. In all scenarios, Sub-Saharan Africa can mainly be powered by solar photovoltaics to cover the electricity demand and complemented by wind energy, supported by batteries. Hydropower and biomass-based electricity can serve as complementary resources. The grid frequency stability of the power system is analysed and discussed in the paper. Benefits of the Inga hydropower project have to be increasingly questioned, in particular due to the fast cost decline of solar photovoltaics and batteries.

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Section: Frequency Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussion of Large Scale Hydro Dam Deployment: The Case of Congo Grand Inga Hydro Project

et al. 2018

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“…6 (c). ENERCON IE is implemented by using the frequency deviation relative to the trigger level that responds to a drop in grid frequency by temporarily increasing active power beyond the available power from the wind [22] as Fig. 6 (d).…”

Section: Attaching Supplementary Signal Into Power Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Added to speed reference GE [19] Enercon [22] , Senvion (RePower) [28] Added to torque reference (output of speed controller) / Senvion (RePower) [28] …”

Section: δFmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Inertial Response of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines: A Survey and New Perspectives

Shang

2016

Preprint

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Abstract:With the rapid development of wind power generations, the inertial response of wind turbines (WTs) are widely concerned recently, which is important for grid frequency dynamic and stability. This paper recognizes and understands the inertial response of type-3 and type-4 WTs from the view of equivalent internal voltage, in analogy with typical synchronous generators (SGs). Due to the dynamic of the equivalent inertial voltage different from SGs, the electromechanical inertia of WTs is completely hidden. The rapid power control loop and synchronization control loop is the main reasons that the WT's inertial response is disenabled. On the basis of the equivalent internal voltage's dynamic, the existing inertia control method for WTs are reviewed and summarized as three approaches from the view of WT's control, i.e. optimizing the power control or synchronization control or both. At last, the main challenges and issues of these inertia controls are attempted to explain and address.

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“…To reduce the pollution and produce clean electricity, many countries' national environmental policies have targeted to achieve a large percentage integration of non-synchronous generation into the grid [1]. However, the challenge of integrating renewables into the overall power delivery has generated a common question: what is the impact of such integration on the power system stability [2]?.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic inertia control based on fuzzy adaptive differential evolution

Chamorro

Riano

Gerndt

et al. 2019

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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The transformation of the traditional transmission power systems due to the current rise of non-synchronous generation on it presents new engineering challenges. One of the challenges is the degradation of the inertial response due to the large penetration of high power converters used for the interconnection of renewables energy sources. The addition of a supplementary synthetic inertia control loop can contribute to the improvement of the inertial response. This paper proposes the application of a novel Fuzzy Adaptive Differential Evolution (FADE) algorithm for the tuning of a fuzzy controller for the improvement of the synthetic inertia control in power systems. The method is validated with two test power systems: (i) an aggregated power system and its purpose is to understand the controller-system behavior, and (ii) a two-area test power system where one of the synchronous machine has been replaced by a a full aggregated model of a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), whereby different limits in the tuning process can be analyzed. Results demonstrate the evolution of the membership functions and the inertial response enhancement in the respective test cases. Moreover, the appropriate tuning of the controller shows that it is possible to substantially reduce the instantaneous frequency deviation.

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Operational experiences with inertial response provided by type 4 wind turbines

Cited by 66 publications

References 5 publications

Repercussion of Large Scale Hydro Dam Deployment: The Case of Congo Grand Inga Hydro Project

Repercussion of Large Scale Hydro Dam Deployment: The Case of Congo Grand Inga Hydro Project

Enabling Inertial Response of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines: A Survey and New Perspectives

Synthetic inertia control based on fuzzy adaptive differential evolution

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