Operational conditions of a membrane filtration reactor coupled with photocatalytic oxidation

Effect of process parameters on photodegradation of Acid Yellow 36 in a hybrid photocatalysis–membrane distillation system

“…The PMRs utilizing catalyst in suspension that are described in literature have been applied to liquid phase photodegradation of humic [15][16][17][18] and fulvic [19] acids, bisphenol A [20,21], phenol [1], 4-nitrophenol [2], 4-chlorophenol [18], pharmaceutical and diagnostic residues [22][23][24], grey water from domestic washing operations [25], para-chlorobenzoate [26], river water [27], dyes [1,12,18,[28][29][30] and many other pollutants. Most of these PMRs combine photocatalysis with pressure driven membrane processes such as microfiltration (MF) [15,[18][19][20][21][22][25][26][27][28], ultrafiltration (UF) [1,16,17,29,30] and nanofiltration (NF) [1,2,12,23,24].…”

“…Most of these PMRs combine photocatalysis with pressure driven membrane processes such as microfiltration (MF) [15,[18][19][20][21][22][25][26][27][28], ultrafiltration (UF) [1,16,17,29,30] and nanofiltration (NF) [1,2,12,23,24]. However, when a catalyst in suspension is applied, the membrane fouling is observed, especially in case of MF and UF membranes.…”

Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs) in Water Treatment: Configurations and Influencing Factors

“…In addition, the permeate flux rate of MF membrane was improved when the commercial P25 was replaced by nano-structured TiO2, thus reducing the membrane fouling phenomenon. Similar integrative PMR configurations were also applied in other studies for the removal of virus [74], para-chlorobenzoate [75] and secondary effluent organics [76]. …”

“…Instable bubbles and turbulent flow generated by aeration exhibit a shearing effect that is conductive to removing the fouling layer and concentration polarization on the membrane surface. In a research conducted by Huang et al [75], an air-scouring pipe was applied below the membrane modules to produce coarse bubbles, which could strike the membrane fibers as well as attenuate membrane fouling. Du et al [115] applied bubbly flow to control membrane fouling under different aeration rate in an integrative PMR.…”

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

“…The membrane could play the role of both a simple barrier for the photocatalyst and a selective barrier for the molecules to be degraded. Compared with conventional photoreactors, the combination of membranes with photocatalysts (membrane photocatalytic reactors, MPR) is advantageous in confining the photocatalyst within the reaction environment by the membrane, control of a residence time of molecules in the reactor and realization of a continuous process with simultaneous products separation from the reaction environment [6][7][8][9][10]. Therefore, the combination of two processes is commonly used for two major reasons: the enhancement of the removal of NOM, and the reduction of membrane fouling.…”