"Operation Reinhard": Extermination Camps of Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka

Arad, Yitzhak

doi:10.1515/9783110968729.1021

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The authorities used rail transport to bring the victims to their final destination, a railway platform directly neighbouring the camp [56]. The entire extermination process for each group of transported individuals, from their selection on the ramp to the removal of dead bodies from the chambers, lasted 1-3 h [4,55]. On 2 August 1943, an armed rebellion organised by the prisoners broke out in the camp.…”

Section: Case Study Area and Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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German Extermination Camps on WWII Reconnaissance Photographs. Orthorectification Process for Archival Aerial Images of Cultural Heritage Sites

2023

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Aerial photographs taken over the past 80 years are often the only record of topography and events that have been destroyed or obliterated. However, the lack of camera certificates for many historical photographs, and their physical degradation, often makes it challenging to correct them geometrically. In this paper, we present the process of orthorectifying archival Luftwaffe aerial photographs of the area of the Treblinka extermination camp from May 1944, based on a computer vision-based process and preprocessing techniques. Low-cost and easily accessible software was used, which allowed for the generation of a fully metric orthophotomap in a repeatable and accurate way. This process can be repeated for archival aerial photographs from other dates (for the Treblinka camp) and other extermination camps (Belzec and Sobibor).

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Section: Case Study Area and Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, people of other nationalities, including Poles, Soviet POWs, and Roma, were also killed. Gassing was the primary method of killing in the camps [4] and was conducted at permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose.…”

Section: Introduction German Extermination Camps From Wwiimentioning

confidence: 99%

German Extermination Camps on WWII Reconnaissance Photographs. Orthorectification Process for Archival Aerial Images of Cultural Heritage Sites

2023

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“…Indeed, in its dimensions and total configuration, nothing like it had ever happened before" (Hilberg, 2003, p. 5). It was partly due to the scale of the planned genocide that the camp system was deemed necessary: although face‐to‐face murder by mobile killing units ( Einsatzgruppen ) killed over 1.4 million people (Hilberg, 2003), the death‐camp system was considered a "final solution" to both the inefficiencies of decentralised killing and the emotional toll experienced by those undertaking close‐quarter mass murder (Arad, 1999). The extermination camps (Auschwitz‐Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka) murdered approximately 3 million Jews and, as Wachsmann writes, the most advanced camp, Auschwitz‐Birkenau, enabled the Nazi regime to "systematically kill Jews from all across the continent, deported to their deaths from Hungary, Poland, France, the Netherlands, Greece, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Croatia, Italy, and Norway" (Wachsmann, 2015, p. 291).…”

Section: The Signature Of the Campmentioning

confidence: 99%

The signature of the disaster: Witness‐ness in death camp and tsunami survivor testimony

Carter-White

Doel

2021

Trans Inst British Geog

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“…Arguably the core of what has come to be called the Holocaust was Operation Reinhard, the Nazi plan to kill all the Jews in the so-called General Government, the major portion of occupied Poland (Arad, 1987). It encompassed three death camps-Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka-and the largest of these was Treblinka.…”

Section: Treblinkamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genocidal Hatred: Now You See It, Now You Don't.

Moshman¹

2005

The Psychology of Hate.

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People kill, one might think, because they hate. Thus, it is natural to assume that groups destroy other groups because of genocidal hatred. But people kill for other reasons too, and they may have other reasons for committing genocide. In this chapter, after defining genocidal hatred, I examine its role in five genocides. Genocidal hatred, I conclude, is not necessary for genocide, and not as important as one might think. Some of the perpetrators of some genocides do indeed appear to be motivated, at least in part, by genocidal hatred, but it is far from clear that genocidal hatred is the usual or primary cause of genocide. Although genocides usually appear at first glance to be intrinsically hateful, closer examination of the beliefs, motives, and social contexts of individual perpetrators shows genocidal hatred to be a more elusive phenomenon than might have been expected.Genocides, I conclude, are not caused by genocidal hatred. Like other complex historical phenomena, they have no single cause. A plausible account of any genocide must consider multiple interacting ideologies, identities, motivations, and social contexts (

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"Operation Reinhard": Extermination Camps of Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

German Extermination Camps on WWII Reconnaissance Photographs. Orthorectification Process for Archival Aerial Images of Cultural Heritage Sites

German Extermination Camps on WWII Reconnaissance Photographs. Orthorectification Process for Archival Aerial Images of Cultural Heritage Sites

The signature of the disaster: Witness‐ness in death camp and tsunami survivor testimony

Genocidal Hatred: Now You See It, Now You Don't.

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