Operation modes of electron spectroscopic imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope

Interactive Image-Spectrum EELS: Application to Elemental Mapping of Lubricant Colloids

“…The energy values for an accurate chemical mapping (including near-edge fine structures mapping) can thus be obtained. For boron, the spectrum obtained from a particle indicates that we need to use a three-image method [12] or even better in this low-energy range, a three-parameter model [13]. The subtraction of two images just at the onset of the saw-tooth K-edge can be an easy alternative.…”

Developments in EELS instrumentation for spectroscopy and imaging

“…The pursuit of high detection efficiencies through the development of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectrometers, which was initiated by Egerton [2], Johnson [3], and others, and developed into an efficient instrument by Shuman [4], has resulted in a commercially available spectrometer [5,6], which is now permitting new levels of performance to be attained in many laboratories. Energy-filtered imaging, which was originally developed by Castaing and Henry [7], has also lead to a commercially available instrument, and is now being used for imaging with improved contrast as well as for chemical mapping of major constituents [8]. There is also much interest in improving the attainable energy resolution, both by optimizing the performance of spectrometers attached to microscopes using cold field emission guns with a narrow energy spread [9][10][11], and by decreasing the energy spread of the gun further through the use of a monochromator [12,13].…”

Interactive electron energy-loss elemental mapping by the "Imaging-Spectrum" method

“…The objective aperture limits the scattering angle admitted to the filter. The lens placed after the filter projects either the achromatic image plane or the energy dispersive plane of the filter onto a detector (a camera for the image or a photomultiplier for the spectrum) [15]. These are the two modes of operating such a microscope.…”