Operation and testing of the PULSTAR reactor intense slow positron beam and PALS spectrometers

Slow-positron beamline temperature rise reduction at Kyoto University Research Reactor

“…However, there was no consensus on whether cadmium or gadolinium is advantageous in enhancing positron creation. Therefore, the KUR slow positron beamline adopted cadmium, which had already been proven in other reactor-based slow positron beamlines [5,9,10,18,19].…”

“…Among these techniques, the reactorbased slow positron beamline developed at the Technical University of Munich achieved the highest positron intensity in the world [4,5,6]. Other reactor-based slow positron beamlines developed at the Technical University of Delft and North Carolina State University also have high positron intensities compared with accelerator-based systems [7,8,9,10]. Another reactor-based positron beamline is being developed at McMaster University to obtain positron intensity comparable to previously developed beamlines [11].…”

Contribution of cadmium to the total amount of positron creation in a reactor-based slow positron beamline

“…However, since the conversion efficiency of moderating high-energy positrons into low-energy (slow) positrons is very low (the efficiency is generally around 10 −4 using a tungsten (W) positron moderator [4,5,6,7,8]), intense positron sources are desirable. Thus, positron sources using nuclear reactors [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23], instead of those using radioisotopes, are explored here.…”

High Efficiency Cyclotron Trap Assisted Positron Moderator

“…There are different ways to produce positrons which include the use of accelerators [31][32][33], nuclear reactors * crivelli@phys.ethz.ch [34][35][36] or ultra-intense short pulsed lasers [37]. The most common and compact solution is to use radioactive isotopes that are β + emitters such as 22 Na [30].…”