Operation and performance of Brayton Pumped Thermal Energy Storage with additional latent storage

Albert, Max; Ma, Zhiwei; Bao, Huashan; Roskilly, Anthony Paul

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118700

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…6 In the literature, numerous configurations based on PTES technology are reported. First of all, Albert et al 7 investigated the performance of a PTES system numerically, which included Argon-based Brayton cycles for charge and discharge processes. Both PCM and packed-bed storage units were integrated, while the whole installation achieved round-trip efficiencies of up to 80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analysis of a pumped thermal energy storage system for trigeneration in buildings

et al. 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analysis of a pumped thermal energy storage system for trigeneration in buildings

et al. 2023

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“…To the authors' knowledge, experimental realizations have not been reported in journal publications, but demonstration facilities have been realized by companies, and grid-scale applications are currently being constructed (e.g., by 1414Degrees [8] and Stiesdal [9]). Recent academic publications have dealt with techno-economic analyses [10][11][12], efficiency [13] and multi-criterial configuration optimization [14], transient behavior and off-design studies [15,16], and system operation strategies [17,18], including combined heat, cold and power generation [19]. The thermal-storage medium is favorably sensible (or a working-fluid mixture with a continuous temperature glide during phase change) in order to match the temperature profiles of the working fluid and the storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Operation Maps for Lamm–Honigmann Thermo-Chemical Energy Storage—A Quasi-Stationary Model for Process Analysis

Thiele

Ziegler

2022

Processes

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The Lamm–Honigmann energy storage is a sorption-based storage that can be arbitrarily charged and discharged with both heat and electrical power. The mechanical charging and discharging processes of this storage are characterized by an internal heat transfer between the main components, absorber/desorber and evaporator/condenser, that is driven by the working-fluid mass transferred between those components with the help of an expansion or compression device, respectively. In this paper, thermal operation maps for the mechanical charging and discharging processes are developed from energy balances in order to predict power output and storage efficiency depending on the system state, which, in particular, is defined by the mass flow rate of vapor and the salt mass fraction of the absorbent. The conducted method is applied for the working-fluid pair LiBr/H2O. In a first step, a thermal efficiency is defined to account for second-order losses due to the internal heat transfer; e.g., for discharging from a salt mass fraction of 0.7 to one of 0.5 (kg LiBr)/(kg sol.) at a temperature of 130 ∘C, it is found that the reversible shaft work output is reduced by 1.1–2.9%/(K driving temperature difference). For lower operating temperatures, the reduction is larger; e.g., at 80∘C, the efficiency loss due to heat transfer rises to 3.5%/K for a salt mass fraction of 0.5 (kg LiBr)/(kg sol.). In a second step, a quasi-stationary assumption leads to the thermal operation map from which the discharging characteristics can be found; e.g., at an operating temperature of 130 ∘C for a constant power output of 0.4 kW/m2 heat exchanger area at volumetric and inner machine efficiencies of ηi=ηvol=0.8 and for an overall heat-transfer coefficient of 1500 W/(K m2), the mass flow rate has to rise continuously from 1.5 to 4.2 g/(s m2), while the thermal efficiency is reduced from 97% to 83% due to this rise and due to the dilution of the sorbent. For this discharging scenario, the corresponding discharge time is 4.4 (min·m2)/(kg salt). This results in an exergetic storage density of around 29 Wh/(kg salt mass). For a charge-to-discharge ratio of 2 (charging times equals two times discharging time) and with the same heat-transfer characteristic and machine efficiencies for constant power charging with adiabatic compression, the system is charged at around 0.75 kW/m2, resulting in a round-trip efficiency of around 27%. Besides those predictions for arbitrary charging and discharging scenarios, the derived thermal maps are especially useful for the dimensioning of the storage system and for the development of control strategies. It has to be noted that the operation maps do not illustrate the transient behavior of the system but its quasi-stationary state. However, it is shown, mathematically, that the system tends to return to this state when disturbed.

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“…Previous studies have also shown that these systems are able to compete financially with the aforementioned storage technologies [8,9,13,14], making them a promising choice for energy storage applications in a highly renewable system. Currently, most deployed or proposed Carnot batteries utilize sensible thermal storage (i.e., raising the temperature of a material to achieve energy storage) [15], although research has shown how thermal storage systems can benefit from the use of phase change materials (PCMs) to reduce the cost of the system and to increase storage efficiency [16][17][18][19][20][21]. For example, Mathur et al (2014) [16] investigated the cost reduction in using encapsulated PCMs as a high temperature storage option for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cost reductions of ≈23% and ≈38% were realized when compared to sensible thermocline and two-tank molten salt systems, respectively. Albert et al (2022) [18] specifically investigated the impact of latent heat storage on the round-trip efficiency of a pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) system. In this system, the storage was described as a packed bed system with encapsulated PCM being added to maintain a high temperature output during discharging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of a High Temperature Phase Change Material Carnot Battery

Jacob

Liu

2022

Energies

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In the current study, a high temperature thermal storage system with a hybrid of phase change material and graphite as the storage materials is designed and evaluated as to its applicability for use as a utility-scale Carnot battery. The design includes an externally heated liquid sodium tank, which is used as the heat transfer fluid. This is used to charge and discharge the storage system consisting of a graphite storage medium sandwiched by two phase change materials. Finally, electrical generation is by way of a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle operated at 700 °C. Detailed modelling of these designs was conducted by way of a previously validated numerical model to predict performance metrics. Using the aforementioned designs, a preliminary cost estimate was undertaken to better determine applicability. From these results, it was found that while the graphite system was the most effective at storing energy, it was also the highest cost due to the high cost of graphite. In total, 18 storage tanks containing nearly 17,400 tons of storage material were required to store the 1200 MWht required to run the sCO2 power block for 10 h. Under the study conditions, the cost of a PCM-based Carnot battery was estimated to be $476/kWhe, comparable to other storage technologies. Furthermore, it was found that if the cost of the graphite and/or steel could be reduced, the cost of the system could be reduced to $321/kWhe.

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Operation and performance of Brayton Pumped Thermal Energy Storage with additional latent storage

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analysis of a pumped thermal energy storage system for trigeneration in buildings

Energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analysis of a pumped thermal energy storage system for trigeneration in buildings

Thermal Operation Maps for Lamm–Honigmann Thermo-Chemical Energy Storage—A Quasi-Stationary Model for Process Analysis

Design and Evaluation of a High Temperature Phase Change Material Carnot Battery

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