Operating reserve evaluation of aggregated air conditioners

Hui, Hon Tat; Ding, Yi; Liu, Weidong; Lin, You; Song, Yonghua

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.004

Cited by 125 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The equivalent thermal parameter (ETP) model [28][29][30][31] has been widely used in the modeling of the thermostatically controlled load (TCL), which depicts the transfer and dissipation of heat energy in a room. The first order ETP model can be expressed by an equivalent circuit, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Etp Model Of the Tclmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of modeling and control strategy of thermostatically controlled loads for virtual energy storage system

Xie

Hui

Ding

2019

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) brings more power generation fluctuations into power systems, which puts forward higher requirement on the regulation capacities for maintaining the power balance between supply and demand. In addition to traditional generators for providing regulation capacities, the progressed information and communication technologies enable an alternative method by controlling flexible loads, especially thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) for regulation services. This paper investigates the modeling and control strategies of aggregated TCLs as the virtual energy storage system (VESS) for demand response. First, TCLs are modeled as VESSs and compared with the traditional energy storage system (ESS) to analyze their characteristic differences. Then, the control strategies of VESS are investigated in microgrid and main grid aspects, respectively. It shows that VESS control strategies can play important roles in frequency regulation and voltage regulation for power systems' stability. Finally, future research directions of VESS are prospected, including the schedulable potential evaluation, modeling of TCLs, hierarchical control strategies of VESS considering ESSs and RESs and reliability and fast response in frequency control for VESS.

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Section: Etp Model Of the Tclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. It equates the heat transfer to the electricity transfer [31]. Therefore, these physical quantities can be calculated by ohm's law.…”

Section: Etp Model Of the Tclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of modeling and control strategy of thermostatically controlled loads for virtual energy storage system

Xie

Hui

Ding

2019

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For energy demand reduction several actions have been taken, such as the application of renewable energy harvesting systems and the use of low power demand devices [1,2]. The concept of using robust HVAC systems is a generally accepted method [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Sink Shape and Topology Optimization with Pareto-Vector Length Optimization for Air Cooling

Szodrai

2020

Energies

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Localized air cooling can be used for various purposes, e.g.: electronic equipment cooling, and air conditioning. The paper emphasizes that the connection between the air-flow and cooling has to fulfill a contradictory requirement (low pressure loss and effective cooling). The cooling and the pressure loss are dependent on the moisture content of the air flow. In the study, heat sink geometries were examined at various fresh air relative humidity, temperature and flowrates with commercially available simulation software (Ansys Fluent). The most favorable option was chosen by Pareto-vector length optimization. For optimization, head loss coefficient and temperature coefficient were used. Firstly, 108 cases were made to evaluate the sensitivity of the optimization parameters. Secondly, on 40 finned heat sinks with different fin width and quantity optimization were made. Thirdly, a prototype was made from the favorite solution where the performance was evaluated. For the measurement two type: TEC1-12706 thermoelectric cooling devices (TEC) were used for cooling. The difference between the measured and the modelled cooled air temperatures was 3%.

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“…As more and more lines are tripped, power cannot be delivered to some loads. An imbalance between generation and loads [5,6] causes the system to enter a fast cascading period, when electrical instabilities such as transient instability and voltage instability are involved [7]. If corrective control actions are not taken or there is a failure to isolate the affected region to tackle these issues, an additional line trip may trigger oscillation in the system before its complete collapse [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Stage Procedure for Controlled Islanding to Prevent Wide-Area Blackouts

Shao¹,

Mao²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

Energies

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Controlled islanding has been proposed as a last resort action to stop blackouts from happening when all standard methods have failed. Successful controlled islanding has to deal with three important issues: when, and where to island, and the evaluation of the dynamic stability in each island after islanding. This paper provides a framework for preventing wide-area blackouts using wide area measurement systems (WAMS), which consists of three stages to execute a successful islanding strategy. Normally, power system collapses and blackouts occur shortly after a cascading outage stage. Using such circumstances, an adapted single machine equivalent (SIME) method was used online to determine transient stability before blackout was imminent, and was then employed to determine when to island based on transient instability. In addition, SIME was adopted to assess the dynamic stability in each island after islanding, and to confirm that the chosen candidate island cutsets were stable before controlled islanding was undertaken. To decide where to island, all possible islanding cutsets were provided using the power flow (PF) tracing method. SIME helped to find the best candidate islanding cutset with the minimal PF imbalance, which is also a transiently stable islanding strategy. In case no possible island cutset existed, corresponding corrective actions such as load shedding and critical generator tripping, were performed in each formed island. Finally, an IEEE 39-bus power system with 10 units was employed to test this framework for a three-stage controlled islanding strategy to prevent imminent blackouts.

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Operating reserve evaluation of aggregated air conditioners

Cited by 125 publications

References 29 publications

Review of modeling and control strategy of thermostatically controlled loads for virtual energy storage system

Review of modeling and control strategy of thermostatically controlled loads for virtual energy storage system

Heat Sink Shape and Topology Optimization with Pareto-Vector Length Optimization for Air Cooling

A Three-Stage Procedure for Controlled Islanding to Prevent Wide-Area Blackouts

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