Operating Policy and Optimal Sizing of a High Penetration RES-BESS System for Small Isolated Grids

Abstract

Load demand in small autonomous island systems is typically covered by Diesel Units (DU). Although a favourable renewable energy source (RES) potential might exist, the technical constraints introduced by the conventional generators result in relatively low RES penetration levels, typically up to 15%-20% of the annual energy demand. To overcome such limitations, introduction of energy storage is necessary. In the case of very small islands (less than 1 MW peak load), lead-acid battery energy storage systems (BESS) constitute a technically mature solution with considerable application potential. In this paper, the potential for achieving very high RES penetration levels with the introduction of BESS in an existing small island system is investigated. An operating policy is first introduced for the overall system, including conventional generators, RES (wind and photovoltaic) stations and storage system. Simulation results are then presented to quantify the expected energy benefits in terms of RES energy penetration and the impact on the economics of the island system. The sizing of the hybrid system components is then investigated by conducting a parametric analysis and then optimized by applying genetic algorithms.

Optimizing Capacities of Distributed Generation and Energy Storage in a Small Autonomous Power System Considering Uncertainty in Renewables

“…This paper addresses the generation expansion planning involving wind-turbine generators (WTG), photovoltaic (PV), diesel generators, and energy storage (ES) for small standalone power systems to meet the restriction of fuel emissions [1,2]. Many works have addressed the generation expansion planning in small standalone power systems [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Existing methodologies fall into three categories: reliability, optimization-, and enumeration-based methods.…”

Financial Viability of Residential Photovoltaic and Battery Systems in Californias

“…Other papers, such as Kaldellis et al (2009), Vrettos & Papathanassiou (2011) or Zhao et al (2014 evaluate the case of sizing and controlling renewable energy sources combined with storage on islands or remote areas. The underlying situation is special, since uncommon constraints and price environments compared to most residential houses exist.…”

Optimized Dispatch Schedule for Autonomous Grids in Isolated Islands

“…[4] In an autonomous grid, which lacks of spinning reserve capacity, the energy storage unit (ESU) is needed to stabilize the output of RESs and secures the reliability of power supply. [6,8] Whereas for small islands (less than 1 MW), Battery energy storage systems (BESS) seem to be the viable choice [5], pumped storage plants, as the most technically mature solution, are suitable for large and medium islands with appropriate geographical conditions. [7] The introduction of joint operation of pumped storage plant and wind farm has been discussed in several publications.…”