Operating multiple semi-autonomous robots: Monitoring, responding, detecting

Chadwick, Roger A.

doi:10.1037/e577572012-025

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Other remedies include techniques to assist in reacquiring SA following a switch. Scott, Mercier, Cummings, and Wang (2006); Sellner, Heger, Hiatt, Simmons, and Singh (2006); and Chadwick (2006) found advantages to varying degrees for use of video replay to help acquaint operators with a UV’s new situation. St.…”

Section: Control Of Independent Uvs: O(n) Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Interaction With Multiple Remote Robots

Lewis¹

2013

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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In this chapter, I review research involving remote human supervision of multiple unmanned vehicles (UVs) using command complexity as an organizing construct. Multi-UV tasks range from foraging, requiring little coordination among UVs, to formation following, in which UVs must function as a cohesive unit. Command complexity, the degree to which operator effort increases with the number of supervised UVs, is used to categorize human interaction with multiple UVs. For systems in which each UV requires the same form of attention (O(n)), effort increases linearly with the number of UVs. For systems in which the control of one UV is dependent upon another (O(>n)), additional UVs impose greater than linear increases due to the expense of coordination. For other systems, an operator interacts with an autonomously coordinating group, and effort is unaffected by group size (O(1)). Studies of human/multi-UV interaction can be roughly grouped into O(n) supervision, involving one-to-one control of individual UVs, or O(1) commanding, in which higherlevel commands are directed to a group. Research in O(n) command has centered on roundrobin control, neglect tolerance, and attention switching. Approaches to O(1) command are divided into systems using autonomous path planning only, plan libraries, human-steered planners, and swarms. Each type of system has its advantages. Less complete work in scalable displays for multiple UVs is reviewed. Mixing levels of command is probably necessary to supervise multiple UVs performing realistic tasks. Research in O(n) control is mature and can provide quantitative and qualitative guidance for design. Interaction with planners and swarms is less mature but more critical to developing effective multi-UV systems capable of performing complex tasks. IntRoductIon In recent decades, the number of mobile unmanned vehicles (UVs) deployed in field applications has risen dramatically. Their usage offers obvious advantages of reduced costs, removing humans from harm's way, or enabling entirely new applications that were previously impossible, especially when combining many such UVs into a comprehensive system. The domains of potential application are equally diverse and range from low-cost warehouse security to interplanetary exploration. New developments in commodity hardware, which serve as low-cost replacements for otherwise expensive sensing or motion capabilities, promise to further accelerate the trend toward deploying large teams of mobile UVs. This trend, however, poses a challenge for the control of such systems.

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Section: Control Of Independent Uvs: O(n) Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Interaction With Multiple Remote Robots

Lewis¹

2013

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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“…For example, in this utterance, "Move west along the wood fence, stop at the sand bags," the participants are attending to transient landmarks such as the sandbags that would not appear in a traditional or block map. Details such as shadows and color have been shown to be important in robotic tasks in which the operator has to reconcile images seen in both ground and air assets (Chadwick, 2005). As this task only involved a ground vehicle, these cues may not have been necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing the Right Amount of Detail: Implications for Map and Icon Display in a Robotic Search Task

McDermott

Chadwick

Riley

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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An experiment was constructed to provide guidance regarding how much information should be displayed to operators performing remote robotic tasks. Display features were designed to address some of the challenges facing robotic operators – reconciling views from different sources, understanding teammate location and orientation, and maintaining spatial awareness of the unmanned vehicle location in relation to mission-relevant landmarks. We added information about orientation and history to teammate position icons and tested their usefulness. In addition, we tested the usefulness of two different types of maps: a detailed satellite map and a more traditional block map. We found that the simple block map better supported performance in this context and that adding information to the position icon did not aid performance. Implications and rationale are discussed.

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“…However, presenting multiple video feeds simultaneously can only be efficient when the task requires it and when there is enough time for operators to respond (Mouloua et al, 2001). Chadwick (2006) found that response time to identify a target with a single UGV was faster than when using 2 or 4. Dixon et al (2003) reported on degraded targets and navigation performance when multiple UAVs were used compared to a single UAV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Chadwick (2006) found that response time to identify a target with a single UGV was faster than when using 2 or 4. Dixon et al (2003) reported on degraded targets and navigation performance when multiple UAVs were used compared to a single UAV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Single versus Dual Video Feed Displays for Dismounted Soldiers: Performance and Attention Allocation (eye tracking)

Ophir¹,

Oron-Gilad²,

Borowsky³

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Dismounted operational tactics are heavily aided by unmanned vehicles (UVs). The challenge for the dismounted soldier who receives video feed from UVs lays in the ability to understand the global situation in the conflict area. A possible way to enhance soldiers' orientation and awareness is to display multiple sources of information. This study examined the added value of using video feeds from aerial and ground vehicles (UAV/UGV) simultaneously relative to using aerial feed alone. Thirty former infantry soldiers with no experience using UV video feed participated. Objective mission-related performances and eye tracking patterns where examined. Results show that performance scores in both the Identification and Orientation tasks were superior in the combined interface. In addition, few consistent eye scanning strategies were found, and generally participants preferred to use the UGV feed video over the UAV feed.

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Operating multiple semi-autonomous robots: Monitoring, responding, detecting

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Human Interaction With Multiple Remote Robots

Human Interaction With Multiple Remote Robots

Providing the Right Amount of Detail: Implications for Map and Icon Display in a Robotic Search Task

Single versus Dual Video Feed Displays for Dismounted Soldiers: Performance and Attention Allocation (eye tracking)

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