The infrared radiation characteristic of ground moving targets under random dynamic conditions is an important research hotspot to study for the detection performance of the airborne photoelectric detection system. This paper studies the detection mechanism of the airborne photoelectric detection system to a ground moving target and analyzes the relevant factors that affect the infrared radiation characteristics of ground moving targets. Based on spectral radiation theory, establishes the infrared radiation illumination function of a ground moving target under a complex background environment, combines the rotation relationship matrix between ground moving target and airborne photoelectric detection system, and derives the new calculation model of the signal-to-noise ratio under the Fraunhofer diffraction effect. The experimental results showed that the infrared radiation characteristics of the ground moving target are affected by detection time and photoelectric detector's wavelength, which verifies the spatial position relationship between the ground moving target and the airborne photoelectric detection system also determines the size of the output signal of the photoelectric detector. To effectively improve the infrared radiation characteristics of the ground moving target, the appropriate wavelength of the photoelectric detector changes the flight attitude and velocity of the carrier aircraft, which can improve the infrared radiation characteristics of ground the moving target in the detection process.