Operating conditions to maximize clean liquid fuels yield by oligomerization of 1-butene on HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts

(Co‐)Oligomerization of Olefins to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Influence of Feed Composition and Pressure

“…This overall shift in product distribution may be attributed to the increased presence of liquid hydrocarbons and consequently to mass transfer limitations as proposed by Díaz et al. 26. At 32 bar and 120 °C, more liquid products are obtained compared to 16 bar, which is due to increased olefin conversion.…”

“…A trend towards higher oligomers with increasing olefin partial pressure on zeolites and mesoporous silica-aluminas was shown, e.g., by Koninckx et al [12], Betz et al [13] and Jan et al [34]. In contrast, Silva et al and Dı ´az et al observed the opposite behavior, namely a shift to smaller oligomers with increasing pressure, in the case of HZSM-5, BEA and aluminosilicates [26,35,36].…”

“…In general, research on oligomerization reactions mostly focuses on the preparation of linear molecules, e.g., for synthetic lubricants, and often, homogeneous metal catalysts or ionic salts are employed [18][19][20][21][22]. Concerning heterogeneous catalysts, in particular zeolites such as ZSM-5 are employed [23][24][25][26]. Furthermore, ion exchange resins, metal-organic frameworks and amorphous, mesoporous silica-alumina support materials were investigated [14,17,[27][28][29][30].…”

“…The influence of different reaction conditions like temperature or space velocity was also studied as well as the role of different catalysts [12,13,15,16,26,33]. Temperature and space velocity showed an unambiguous behavior regarding their influence on the product mixture, whereas contradictory effects were reported for pressure variations.…”

Hidrokarburo likidoen ekoizpena etilenoaren oligomerizazioaren bitartez

“…Tetraedro hauek bi motatako kanal eliptikoak osatzen dituzte, batzuk zuzenak (0,53 × 0,56 nm) eta besteak zig-zag itxurakoak (0,51 × 0,55 nm). Berezko egitura honek HZSM-5 zeolitari propietate ezberdinen arteko oreka egokia eskaintzen dio, hala nola, forma-hautakortasuna, azidotasuna eta indar azidoa, kristal kanalen arteko interkonexioa eta egonkortasun hidrotermikoa [33].…”