Operating Characteristics of Synthetic Siliceous Zeolite

Cation Exchangers for Municipal Water Softening

“…The laboratory results are from downflow while plant data are from upflow operation. This comparison indicates that an increase in capacity of about 15 per cent can be obtained when the flow of water during softening is changed from downflow to up flow, confirming the results found earlier for siliceous zeolites (1).…”

“…(grains) per cubic foot to as high as 13,000-18,000 gr. per cubic foot, depending on particle size and lot (1).…”

“…At the same time the salt consumption increased to a value about 72 per cent higher than the original. The results of the work done by the district to determine the cause of this loss in efficiency have previously been reported (1), In order to increase the operating efficiency, the district revivified its original zeolite after several years of operation. New zeolite was installed in some units to make up the volume loss resulting from the revivification process.…”

Ion Exchange

“…Myers (72) and Bauman (13, 15) have reviewed the use of ion exchange resins in the water softening field. Streicher, Pearson, and Bowers (104) presented the results of an excellent study of the operation of a siliceous exchanger. Their study was interesting in that the effects of such variables as bed height, flow rate, temperature, etc., were carefully evaluated and described.…”