Operating a Zero Carbon GB Power System in 2025 : Frequency and Fault Current [Annexes - Review of System and Network Issues, Frequency Stability, Power Electronic Devices and Fault Current, & Market Needs]

A Critical Review of Current and Future Options for Wind Farm Participation in Ancillary Service Provision

“…A more detailed analysis of how the wind farm operators abide by the rules of NG is discussed in [5], so only a brief summary is provided here. In situations of high grid frequency, the response of the wind farm is provided relative to the power output of the wind farm at the time when the grid first exceeds the upper frequency threshold of 50.015 Hz.…”

“…This paper notes that this can lead to large steps in power when the wind farm is released from the lock, which has undesirable impacts on both the wind turbines and the grid, which is an area where the policy should be reviewed as this is undesirable for all stakeholders. Reference [5] suggests that Delta control could be a way to mitigate this issue. Delta control is the strategy of curtailing by a set amount, usually 10% of available power, to ensure a generating unit has a reserve of power that it can deliver in the event of a deviation of grid frequency.…”

“…There has been a focus on the impact of the changing makeup of energy generation in the GB power system. For example, [5] considered how a zero-carbon grid with limited levels of inertia can still have a stable frequency. It was found that events with a lower rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) (up to 0.125 Hz/s) can be contained with present measures.…”

“…Due to the high levels of wind generation in these grids, they can be considered as examples of how other power grids will adapt as they increase their share of generation from wind power. The paper then considers how these grid codes might change in future, focusing mainly on grid code changes for Great Britain, in the view of the recent "Operating Zero Carbon GB in 2025" strategy issued by the British government in several publications [5]. The paper then reviews the existing academic literature for how wind farm control can be used to provide grid support services.…”