Operating a mobile photo radar enforcement program: A framework for site selection, resource allocation, scheduling, and evaluation

Kim, Amy; Wang, Xiaobin; El-Basyouny, Karim; Fu, Qian

doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2016.05.001

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Drivers tend to recall the presence of an enforcement vehicle up to several weeks after the event, this is known as the time halo effect. Drivers also slow down several kilometers upstream and downstream of the relevant road segment, known as the distance halo effect (Kim et al 2016;Rothengatter, T. & Goldenbeld 1999). Chen et al 2000 concluded that a halo effect could remain three-to four-days and up to two-to eight-weeks before drivers' behaviors return to that observed prior to enforcement activity.…”

Section: Speed Enforcement Implementation and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effectiveness of an Integrated Speed Management Plan on Highways

2021

CER

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Manned speed enforcement has long been used as a safety measure to improve drivers' compliance with posted speed limits on highways. The sustainable presence of police squads at high-risk locations is key to the successful implementation of an enforcement program and is usually supported by other measures, such as educational campaigns, messages, and warnings. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated speed management plan that is focused on manned traffic enforcement at three highway locations near the City of Leduc, Canada. Baseline speed data was collected and used to develop an enforcement deployment schedule. Following a public educational and engagement program, the enforcement plan was implemented. A detailed analysis was conducted for the speed data before, during, and after manned enforcement operations. To account for potential confounding factors, the evaluation method utilized a control site to correct for trends and other effects. The results showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in the average speed of vehicles that ranged from 1.14 to 8.96 km/h while the number of speed violations dropped by up to 25.5% at enforcement locations. Overall, the results from this study demonstrated that implementing an integrated speed management program, with manned enforcement at its core, has a high potential to improve safety by improving compliance, reducing the number of violations, and decreasing the average speeds on highways. The sustained manned enforcement is expected to increase drivers' compliance with speed limits, which should eventually reduce collisions and improve safety.

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Section: Speed Enforcement Implementation and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effectiveness of an Integrated Speed Management Plan on Highways

2021

CER

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“…Other works formulate the site selection process as a resource allocation and scheduling problem. For instance, a study (Kim, Wang, El-Basyouny & Fu, 2016) introduced a systematic, data-driven framework used to operate a mobile photo radar enforcement program. The site selection is based on a prioritization process informed by speed limit violation and collision data.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that P can be calculated by assigning relative weights for collisions and speed limit violation. The coefficients typically represent the cost per unit of collisions and speed limit violation respectively, as has been discussed in a previous work (Kim, Wang, El-Basyouny & Fu, 2016).…”

Section: Prioritymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Predictive Framework of Speed Camera Locations for Road Safety

Rhanizar¹,

Akkaoui²

2019

CIS

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Road traffic crashes are a public health issue due to their terrible impact on individuals, communities, and countries. Studies affirmed that vehicle speed is a major contributor to crash likelihood and severity. At the same time, they identified Automated Speed Enforcement (ASE) systems, namely speed cameras, as a highly effective measure to reduce excessive and inappropriate speed, and thus improving road safety. However, identifying optimum sites for fixed speed camera placement stays an open issue in the literature, although it is a key factor that guarantees the efficiency of such ASE systems. This paper describes a predictive framework of speed camera locations using a classification algorithm that can predict, for each section of a given road network, its pertinence as a speed camera location. First, we identify a set of features as predictors of the classification algorithm, that we have argued their goodness through correlation tests. Second, for training our algorithm, data from road controlled sections, corresponding to existing speed cameras, is exploited. Each section class reflects the contribution level of the ASE system (good, neutral, or bad) to road safety. Third, as a proofof-concept, the framework has been implemented and deployed on the Moroccan road network. The results showed that Random Forest classifier is the best performing model attaining an accuracy of 95% and a precision of 88%. Further, a tool was developed to visualize updated classification results on a Moroccan road network map to support authorities in their decision making process.

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“…To address multiple MPE deployment goals simultaneously, Kim, Wang, El‐Basyouny, and Fu () proposed a model for the MPE‐RAP that combined multiple deployment goals together in a single weighted function. The proposed model measures the degree of achievement towards several deployment goals at a site and combines these into a single numerical index for the site by the predetermined weights assigned to each deployment goal.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating trade‐offs between optimal mobile photo enforcement programme plans

Xie

Kim

et al. 2019

Multi Criteria Decision Anal

Self Cite

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Agencies that manage mobile photo enforcement (MPE) programmes must decide where and when to send their limited resources to monitor compliance with speed limits. Usually, the goal is to select locations based on a number of concerns (i.e., high collision sites, high speed violation sites, school zones, etc.), which, in most cases, is conflicting. If certain locations are given more MPE resources, then by definition, other locations will receive less attention, and vice versa. This paper aims to provide insights about such MPE programme trade-offs. We present a systematic procedure for interpreting the results of a multiobjective MPE resource allocation problem. The procedure consists of three steps: (a) Pareto front (PF) generation, (b) front representation, and (c) trade-off analysis. First, in generating a PF, we sequentially apply two well-known scalar optimization methods to obtain a comprehensive set of Paretooptimal solutions. Second, the K-medoids clustering algorithm and the silhouette index are adopted to partition the generated PF into similar-sized clusters, in order to help MPE programme agencies choose from a reduced set of solutions on the PF. Third, we use the response surface method to determine trade-off patterns on the PF. The results of the front generation analysis showed that applying two optimization methods together resulted in a nearly complete PF with a relatively uniform and dense spread of solutions. Consequently, the identified set of solutions (i.e., 13,210 cases) was further partitioned into 12 clusters by silhouette index and K-medoids. With the aim of reducing decision fatigue for agencies, each cluster's representative solution is considered a possible MPE resource allocation candidate. The trade-off analysis indicated how much one must sacrifice in the other objectives in order to increase attainment of one particular objective. Finally, the trade-off rate and elasticity were used to explore the quantitative relationship between the considered objectives. KEYWORDS mobile photo enforcement programme planning, multiobjective optimization, Pareto front analysis, resource allocation, trade-off analysis

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Operating a mobile photo radar enforcement program: A framework for site selection, resource allocation, scheduling, and evaluation

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Assessing the Effectiveness of an Integrated Speed Management Plan on Highways

Assessing the Effectiveness of an Integrated Speed Management Plan on Highways

A Predictive Framework of Speed Camera Locations for Road Safety

Investigating trade‐offs between optimal mobile photo enforcement programme plans

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