Operant extinction: Elimination and generation of behavior.

Lattal, Kennon A.; Peter, Claire C. St.; Escobar, Rogelio

doi:10.1037/13938-004

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…This reduction in the rate of behavior following suspension of reinforcement is termed "extinction," and studying behavior during extinction is important for both practical and theoretical reasons (for further discussion, see Lattal & Lattal, 2012;K. This reduction in the rate of behavior following suspension of reinforcement is termed "extinction," and studying behavior during extinction is important for both practical and theoretical reasons (for further discussion, see Lattal & Lattal, 2012;K.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral momentum and resistance to extinction across repeated extinction tests

Craig

Sweeney

Shahan

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The present experiments assessed whether resistance to extinction of pigeons' key pecking decreased across repeated extinction tests. An additional impetus for this research was to determine how the quantitative framework provided by behavioral momentum theory might be used to describe any such changes across tests. Pigeons pecked keys in two-component multiple schedules (one component associated with a higher reinforcer rate and the other with a lower rate) in which baseline and extinction conditions alternated. In Experiment 1, baseline and extinction conditions alternated every session, and, in Experiment 2, these conditions lasted for 10 and 7 sessions, respectively. Resistance to extinction decreased across successive extinction conditions in both experiments. Fits of the behavioralmomentum based model of extinction to the data returned uncertain results in Experiment 1 but implicated both generalization decrement and response-reinforcer contingency termination as the possible mechanisms responsible for behavior change in Experiment 2. Thus, these data suggest that experimental manipulations that affect discrimination of changes in reinforcement contingencies may influence resistance to extinction by modulating the disruptive impacts of removing reinforcers from the experimental context and of suspending response-reinforcer contingencies.

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confidence: 99%

Behavioral momentum and resistance to extinction across repeated extinction tests

Craig

Sweeney

Shahan

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…First, the time course and functional extent of response elimination depend on how the conditions of extinction differ from the conditions present before extinction (during initial acquisition and maintenance; e.g., Gibbon, et al 1980; Kimble, 1961; Nevin & Grace, 2000). Second, even though extinguished responding may be completely eliminated, there are a variety of conditions that will cause at least some of the responding to return (see Delamater, 2004; K.A. Lattal, St. Peter, & Escobar, in press).…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have examined in detail the role of reinforcement parameters, behavioral histories, and stimulus variables as they contribute to the occurrence of operant extinction (for a review see Lattal, St Peter, & Escobar, in press). As already noted, Nevin’s analysis involving extinction, described in the Resistance to extinction: II.…”

Section: Theoretical Analyses Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facets of Pavlovian and operant extinction

Lattal

2012

Behavioural Processes

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Research on extinction is of fundamental importance in both Pavlovian and operant approaches to the experimental analysis of learning. Although these approaches are often motivated by different empirical and theoretical questions, extinction has emerged as a research area in which common themes unite the two approaches. In this review, we focus on some common considerations in the analysis of Pavlovian and operant extinction. These include methodological challenges and interpretational issues in analyzing behavior during and after extinction. We consider the different roles that theory has played in the development of research on extinction in these preparations and conclude with some attention to applications of extinction.

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“…However, other responses may increase (Lattal, St. Peter, & Escobar, 2013). Because the response is no longer reinforced, it is less likely to occur again, and response rates decrease.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Because the response is no longer reinforced, it is less likely to occur again, and response rates decrease. Resurgence is typically studied using a three-phase procedure (Lattal et al, 2013). Responses that increase during extinction may include those that were previously reinforced.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resurgence of previously taught academic responses

Williams

Peter

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Resurgence is often discussed in relation to the relapse of undesirable behavior. However, resurgence may also describe the recurrence of socially appropriate behavior, including academic responding. The recurrence of academic responses following periods of extinction may aid in the solution of novel problems. The aims of this study were to evaluate the resurgence of complex, desirable behavior related to college-level instruction and to explore problem form as an aspect of environmental context. Each participant was taught 2 response chains to solve quadratic equations across experimental phases, followed by a phase in which neither chain resulted in the correct solution (extinction). During Experiment 1, the equations presented during extinction resembled those presented during reinforcement of the alternative response. Of the 8 participants in Experiment 1, 4 attempted to use the first-taught chain to solve an equation in the extinction phase. During Experiment 2, the equations presented during extinction resembled those presented during reinforcement of the target response. Of the 8 participants in Experiment 2, 6 attempted to use the first-taught chain to solve an equation in the extinction phase. Results demonstrate the resurgence of academic responses and suggest that the form of the problem may constitute a context that affects resurgence.

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Operant extinction: Elimination and generation of behavior.

Cited by 48 publications

References 160 publications

Behavioral momentum and resistance to extinction across repeated extinction tests

Behavioral momentum and resistance to extinction across repeated extinction tests

Facets of Pavlovian and operant extinction

Resurgence of previously taught academic responses

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