Operando Synchrotron Studies of Inhomogeneity during Anode-Free Plating of Li Metal in Pouch Cell Batteries

Cosby, Monty R.; Carignan, Gia; Li, Zhuo; Efaw, Corey M.; Dickerson, Charles C.; Yin, Liang; Ren, Yang; Li, Bin; Dufek, Eric J.; Khalifah, Peter G.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac5345

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In anode-free pouch cells with NCM622 cathode and Cu or Mo anode current collector, the local variation of electrode materials was tracked through the operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction. [81] It was found that the initial Li deposition is quite uniform, while pronounced inhomogeneity at an mm-scale was observed during the subsequent Li stripping process. In addition, the rates of Li utilization have a strong spatial correlation between the cathode and anode.…”

Section: Homogeneity Of Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Advanced energy storage technology represented by lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) has revolutionized human life in recent years. The energy density of LIBs based on intercalation chemistry is approaching its theoretical limit after unremitting efforts for the past three decades. The state-of-the-art LIBs with graphite anode can only achieve an energy density lower than 300 Wh kg −1 . [1] This cannot satisfy the increasing demands for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. [2] Therefore, it is urgently called for next-generation batteries with a high energy density, long lifespan, and high safety performance. [3,4] Electrode material is of great importance in determining the energy density of batteries. [5] As the holy grail anode, Li metal possesses the ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and low potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). The promising feature renders Li metal anode to be an indispensable candidate for constructing next-generation high-energy-density batteries. [6] A high energy density of 400 or even 500 Wh kg −1 can be achieved with Li metal batteries (LMBs) matching Ni-rich LiNi x Co y Mn (1−x−y) O 2 (0 < x, y <1), oxygen, or sulfur cathodes, etc. [7][8][9] However, the conversion chemistry and high reactivity of Li metal also bring great challenges to the design of robust LMBs with long lifespan and high safety. [10,11] Specifically, Li dendrite growth and infinite volume variation lead to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li metal anodes, resulting in low Li utilization, capacity decline, and even safety risk, [12] severely hindering the practical applications of LMBs. [13][14][15] Recently, extensive strategies have been exploited to control the dendrite growth of Li metal anodes, including engineering electrolytes and additives, [16] designing 3D host structures, [17][18][19] constructing artificial SEI, [20,21] applying solid-state electrolyte (SSE), [22][23][24] and adjusting operation conditions. [25] A high Coulombic efficiency (>99.9%) and long lifespan (>1000 cycles) have been reported in the materials-level coin cells. [26][27][28] Notably, Li dendrite growth is primarily driven by the kinetical limitation of Li-ion diffusion near the electrolyte/electrode interface. Serious dendrite issues can be encountered under harsh operating conditions in pouch cells, considering the accelerated consumption of Li ions at large currents and high Lithium metal battery has been considered as one of the potential candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the dendrite growth issue in Li anodes results in low practical energy density, short lifespan, and poor safety performance. The strategies in suppressing Li dendrite growth are mostly conducted in materials-level coin cells, while their validity in device-level pouch cells is still under debate. It is imperative to address dendrite issues in pouch cells to realize the practical application of Li metal batteries. This review prese...

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Section: Homogeneity Of Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…(see Figure 3) Last but not least, it is also worth to mention that recent operando studies in optimized conditions at 107.7 keV (0.1173Å) have permitted to follow the homogeneity of the lithium plating/stripping process in an "anode-free" pouch cell, despite lithium low scattering factor. 46 Pair Distribution Function analysis (PDF)…”

Section: Elastic Scattering Based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron radiation based operando characterization of battery materials

et al. 2023

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“…In addition to EPRI technology, an operando synchrotron study was also performed to analyze the stripping and plating of Li metal in AFLPBs. 84 As shown in Fig. 10b, the local performance diagrams of the anode and cathode in the pouch cell were compared.…”

Section: Promotion Strategies and Failure Analysis Of Aflpbsmentioning

confidence: 99%