Operando study of Fe 3 O 4  anodes by electrochemical atomic force microscopy

Wang, Shuwei; Zhang, Weicong; Chen, Yuanning; Dai, Zhengwu; Zhao, Chongchong; Wang, Deyu; Shen, Cai

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.206

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recently, AFM technique has been used to study in situ SEI formation on Fe 3 O 4 electrode. It is found that a compact and stable SEI can be closely packed on the Fe 3 O 4 electrode in FEC‐based electrolyte …”

Section: Negative Electrode Materials In Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries by Atomic Force Microscopy

Wang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2018

Energy & Environ Materials

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The development of advanced lithium batteries represents a major technological challenge for the new century. Understanding the fundamental electrode degradation mechanisms is important for battery performance improvements. The complex electrochemical processes inside a working battery are being explored to a limited extent. Various advanced material characterization techniques have been used to monitor dynamic conditions for optimizing battery materials. State‐of‐the‐art atomic force microscopy methods have been applied to energy storage systems, specifically lithium‐ion batteries. Atomic force microscopy is an ideal tool to provide localized morphological, chemical, and physical information at nanoscale for the in‐depth understanding of the electrochemical processes, reaction mechanisms, and degradation of battery materials. Here, we review recent progress in the development and application of atomic force microscopy for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. We discuss atomic force microscopy as an analytical tool to help researchers understand graphite, silicon, layered metal oxides, and other representative electrode materials. We summarize the importance of atomic force microscopy technique in studying the next‐generation Li–S and Li–O2 batteries. We also highlight some of the remaining challenges and possible solutions for future development.

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Section: Negative Electrode Materials In Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries by Atomic Force Microscopy

Wang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2018

Energy & Environ Materials

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“…Many advanced characterization methods such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as spectroscopic analysis techniques have been used to study the mechanism of Li dendrites grow. In situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC‐AFM) is a powerful tool to study solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in liquid environment . It can measure the topographical and surface properties simultaneously in operando conditions without damaging the fragile sample at nanoscale resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Observation of the Growth of Lithium Dendrites on Graphite Anodes by Operando EC‐AFM

et al. 2017

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Lithium dendrite growth is one of the most challenging problems affecting the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It causes low Coulombic efficiency as well as safety hazards for LIBs. Understanding the evolution process of Li-dendrite growth at the nanoscale is critical for solving this problem. Herein, an in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) investigation of the initial Li deposition in ethylene carbonate (EC)-based and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolytes on graphite anodes is reported. These results show that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from the FEC-based electrolyte can suppress Li-dendrite growth. The FEC-based electrolyte induces formation of LiF-rich SEI films, which are harder and denser than those formed in an EC-based electrolyte. Due to its better mechanical properties and larger resistance, the SEI layer formed from the FEC-based electrolyte is sufficient to prevent reduction of Li + ions and deposition of Li + ions on the anode surface. These results demonstrate that EC-AFM is a powerful in situ technique for the study of lithium-dendrite growth.

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“…The most advanced and complex way of measuring is achieved by operating the battery during the measurement, the so-called operando measurements (Breitung et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2020). By performing a measurement this way, the dynamic processes that occur can be followed real-time and related to all kinds of battery parameters and settings, bringing this type of measurements closest to the practical behavior of the battery.…”

Section: Spm For Battery Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Probe Microscopy Facility for Operando Study of Redox Processes on Lithium ion Battery Electrodes

Legerstee¹,

Boekel

Boonstra

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is combined with a special designed glovebox system and coupled to a Galvanostat/Potentiostat to allow measurements on electrochemical properties for battery research. An open cell design with electrical contacts makes it possible to reach the electrode surface with the cantilever so as to perform measurements during battery operation. A combined AFM-Scanning Electro-Chemical Microscopy (AFM-SECM) approach makes it possible to simultaneously obtain topological information and electrochemical activity. Several methods have been explored to provide the probe tip with an amount of lithium so that it can be used as an active element in a measurement. The “wet methods” that use liquid electrolyte appear to have significant drawbacks compared to dry methods, in which no electrolyte is used. Two dry methods were found to be best applicable, with one method applying metallic lithium to the tip and the second method forming an alloy with the silicon of the tip. The amount of lithium applied to the tip was measured by determining the shift of the resonance frequency which makes it possible to follow the lithiation process. A FEM-based probe model has been used to simulate this shift due to mass change. The AFM-Galvanostat/Potentiostat set-up is used to perform electrochemical measurements. Initial measurements with lithiated probes show that we are able to follow ion currents between tip and sample and perform an electrochemical impedance analysis in absence of an interfering Redox-probe. The active probe method developed in this way can be extended to techniques in which AFM measurements can be combined with mapping electrochemical processes with a spatial resolution.

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Operando study of Fe 3 O 4 anodes by electrochemical atomic force microscopy

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Advances in Understanding Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries by Atomic Force Microscopy

Advances in Understanding Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries by Atomic Force Microscopy

Direct Observation of the Growth of Lithium Dendrites on Graphite Anodes by Operando EC‐AFM

Scanning Probe Microscopy Facility for Operando Study of Redox Processes on Lithium ion Battery Electrodes

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