Operando Raman spectroscopy on CO2 methanation over alumina-supported Ni, Ni3Fe and NiRh0.1 catalysts: Role of carbon formation as possible deactivation pathway

Deactivation study of Ru‐Sn‐B/Al2O3 catalysts during selective hydrogenation of methyl oleate to fatty alcohol

“…The Raman spectra were taken to evaluate the presence of coke. Signals at ∼1339 (D mode) and 1593 (G mode) were attributed to carbonaceous species . Therefore, the coke formation is excluded because these bands were not observed in both used washed and non‐washed catalysts.…”

Structural dynamics in Ni–Fe catalysts during CO2 methanation – role of iron oxide clusters

“…71,74 However, we were not able to detect any surface carbon species on the bimetallic Ni-Fe catalyst during our operando studies, probably due to the high CO 2 -pressure. Previous operando Raman studies on a Ni-Fe based catalyst from our group 16 did not provide any hints for formation of carbonaceous surface species. Besides CH 4 , CO remains the main product on FeO x catalysts in the gas-phase during CO 2 methanation.…”

“…8 For the industrial methanation of CO 2 cheap and yet efficient Ni-based catalysts are widely used. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Mutz et al [15][16][17] reported e.g. that γ-Al 2 O 3 supported nickelbased catalysts tend to strongly deactivate during methanation of CO 2 in the event of fluctuations.…”

Hard X-ray-based techniques for structural investigations of CO2 methanation catalysts prepared by MOF decomposition

“…Operando studies revealed a severe deactivation of active Ni species during periods of a hydrogen dropout. 8,9 Consequently, for P2X reactions based on renewable energies, highly stable catalyst systems are required, which can tolerate fluctuating conditions at elevated temperatures without being deactivated under the resulting less reducing atmospheres during a hydrogen dropout.…”