Opening the “Black Box”: Functions of the Frontal Lobes and Their Implications for Sociology

Firat, Rengin B.

doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00003

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that the differences found between MHO and MUO were only in the temporal lobe. The frontal lobe has previously been found to be sensitive to weight status in adults [8,37]. Different age groups and homogeneous weight status (all children in our sample had overweight or obesity status) could explain the lack of differences in the frontal lobe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness

Cadenas‐Sanchez

Esteban‐Cornejo

Migueles

et al. 2020

JCM

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The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater global and regional gray matter volumes than their metabolically unhealthy peers. We further examined the association between gray matter volume and academic achievement, along with the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. A total of 97 overweight/obese children (10.0 ± 1.2 years) participated. We classified children as metabolically healthy/unhealthy based on metabolic syndrome cut-offs. Global and regional brain volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Academic achievement was assessed using the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) children had greater regional gray matter volume compared to those who were metabolically unhealthy (MUO) (all p ≤ 0.001). A similar trend was observed for global gray matter volume (p = 0.06). Global gray matter volume was positively related to academic achievement (β = 0.237, p = 0.036). However, all the associations were attenuated or disappeared after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). The findings of the present study support that metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater gray matter volume compared to those that are metabolically unhealthy, which is in turn related to better academic achievement. However, cardiorespiratory fitness seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness

Cadenas‐Sanchez

Esteban‐Cornejo

Migueles

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Interestingly, there is a considerable difference in the frontal and parietal lobe electrodes, with the most significant value being at the F7 electrode, 66.21%. The frontal lobe is an area of the brain that regulates emotions and short-term memory [27,28]. Changes in the atmosphere of the room give a distinct impression to the participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalography Signal Power Spectral Density from Measurements in Room with and Without Faraday Cage: A Comparative Study

Suwandi

Khotimah

Suprijadi

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method for recording the brain’s electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp’s surface. This EEG has its problem, namely signal interference from outside the system or artifacts. Ways to eliminate this signal interference can be made in various ways, including handling signal sources outside the system or removing interference signals during the EEG signal processing process. One way is to isolate the measurement room from signal interference using a Faraday cage. In this study, we will compare the results of EEG signal processing in the form of power spectral density (PSD) from measurements in a room without a Faraday cage and a room with a Faraday cage. We find that the average value of the change in PSD from the measurement results in the two rooms had a level of difference that varied between 0.71%-66%. The location of the electrodes that have a high difference value is the frontal and parietal areas.

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“…6 However, damage to the functional anatomy within the ACA territory may not be reflected in the overall functional status of the patient. Higher cortical function in the ACA territory such as planning, motivation, mood, and emotions 30,31 may not directly factor into the ability to perform basic self-care and ambulation. DC, in conjunction with modern ICP-lowering methods, is sufficient to compensate for the increased swelling from the additional region involved in an ICA infarction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decompressive craniectomy for internal carotid artery and middle carotid artery infarctions: a long-term comparative outcome study

Lim

Vedicherla

Chan

et al. 2021

Neurosurgical Focus

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OBJECTIVE Malignant internal carotid artery (ICA) infarction is an entirely different disease entity when compared with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Because of an increased area of infarction, it is assumed to have a poorer prognosis; however, this has never been adequately investigated. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) for malignant MCA infarction has been shown to improve mortality rates in several randomized controlled trials. Conversely, aggressive surgical decompression for ICA infarction has not been recommended. The authors sought to compare the functional outcomes and survival between patients with ICA infarctions and those with MCA infarctions after DC in the largest series to date to investigate this assumption. METHODS A multicenter retrospective review of 154 consecutive DCs for large territory cerebral infarctions performed from 2005 to 2020 were analyzed. Patients were divided into ICA and MCA groups depending on the territory of infarction. Variables, including age, sex, medical comorbidities, laterality of the infarction, preoperative neurological status, primary stroke treatment, and the time from stroke onset to DC, were recorded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed for the clinical exposures for functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) on discharge and at the 1- and 6-month follow-ups, and for mortality, both inpatient and at the 1-year follow-up. A favorable mRS score was defined as 0–2. RESULTS There were 67 patients (43.5%) and 87 patients (56.5%) in the ICA and MCA groups, respectively. Univariable analysis showed that the ICA group had a comparably favorable mRS (OR 0.15 [95% CI 0.18–1.21], p = 0.077). Inpatient mortality (OR 1.79 [95% CI 0.79–4.03], p = 0.16) and 1-year mortality (OR 2.07 [95% CI 0.98–4.37], p = 0.054) were comparable between the groups. After adjustment, a favorable mRS score at 6 months (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.018–1.59], p = 0.12), inpatient mortality (OR 1.02 [95% CI 0.29–3.57], p = 0.97), and 1-year mortality (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.41–2.69], p = 0.88) were similar in both groups. The overall survival, plotted using the Cox proportional hazard regression, did not show a significant difference between the ICA and MCA groups (HR 0.581). CONCLUSIONS Unlike previous smaller studies, this study found that patients with malignant ICA infarction had a functional outcome and survival that was similar to those with MCA infarction after DC. Therefore, DC can be offered for malignant ICA infarction for life-saving purposes with limited functional recovery.

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Opening the “Black Box”: Functions of the Frontal Lobes and Their Implications for Sociology

Cited by 26 publications

References 183 publications

Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness

Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness

Electroencephalography Signal Power Spectral Density from Measurements in Room with and Without Faraday Cage: A Comparative Study

Decompressive craniectomy for internal carotid artery and middle carotid artery infarctions: a long-term comparative outcome study

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