“…With open data, civil servants, citizens and other stakeholders (including private companies, supply chains and networks) can beneit from increased participation in government activities (Castellanos et al 2013;Conradie and Choenni 2014), increased transparency and accountability (Craneield, Robertson, andOliver 2014), stimulating innovation (van Veenstra andvan den Broek 2013). Big open data has a positive impact on economic growth; for instance, encouraging marketplace to develop products and services, which increase productivity, ofer employment, and bring revenue back to the government in the form of taxation revenue (Borzacchiello andCraglia 2012 andJanssen, Charalabidis, and.…”