Opening Furan for Tailoring Properties of Bio‐based Poly(Furfuryl Alcohol) Thermoset

Falco, Guillaume; Guigo, Nathanaël; Vincent, Luc; Sbirrazzuoli, Nicolas

doi:10.1002/cssc.201800620

Cited by 47 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It has been shown that furan ring opening reactions occur preferentially when the polycondensation of FA occurs in water. 9 The same is observed for the peaks at 1372 and 1243 cm −1 . In untreated wood, these peaks correspond respectively to C-H deformation in holocellulose and C-O stretching and CvO deformation in lignin and xylene.…”

Section: Interactions Of Humins or Pfa With Wood Tissuessupporting

confidence: 68%

“…These ring opening reactions can occur in the presence of water during wood treatment thus leading to the increase in the signal of these open structures as already observed for the neat PFA resin. 9 In humin modified wood, the formation of hemiacetal functions as the result of crosslinking between aldehydes and hydroxyls from wood components might also occur. Indeed, the FTIR signature from hemiacetals appears between 1360 and 1400 cm −1 (ref.…”

Section: Interactions Of Humins or Pfa With Wood Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FA polymerization to poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is catalyzed by acids, leading to a strong reticulated network. 9,10 The final furfurylated wood has thermomechanical properties similar to tropical wood and does not show any toxicity problems exceeding those of natural heartwood. 11,12 Furfurylated wood is a growing com-mercial product marketed by the company Kebony (Skien, Norway) under the company's name.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Humin based resin for wood modification and property improvement

et al. 2020

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This study presents a novel process of wood modification employing humins, i.e. polydisperse furanic macromolecules formed during sugar dehydration. Humin valorization is more and more in the spotlight, thanks to the increased research efforts being placed by industries on biomass valorization. Here, a water soluble liquid fraction of humins was employed to impregnate wood and was polymerized within the wood using heat. This so-called 'humination' process was compared with the more classical furfurylation, which consists of impregnating with furfuryl alcohol (FA), and the polymerization of FA inside the wood.Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy proved that furanic entities contained in the liquid fraction of humins polymerized within the wood cell walls and resulted in fluorescence similar to that seen for furfurylated wood. The humin modified wood showed lower mass increase and identical dimensional stability compared to furfurylated wood after immersion in water. Both treatments resulted in higher hydrophobicity compared to untreated wood. The elastic modulus of humin treated wood, measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), was similar to that of furfurylated wood for T < 75°C and slightly higher than untreated wood. Finally, reaction-to-fire properties were investigated. Humin treated wood showed some advantages over furfurylated wood such as longer ignition time, slower heat release rate (−13%) and lower CO formation. This study demonstrates for the first time that humins can be used as an alternative to FA for wood modification to obtain enhanced wood products. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See

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Section: Interactions Of Humins or Pfa With Wood Tissuessupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Interactions Of Humins or Pfa With Wood Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Humin based resin for wood modification and property improvement

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“…Furfuryl alcohol undergoing a controlled furan ringopening reaction can be tuned to produce tailor-specific materials, with very impressive properties, which can find targeted industrial applications [97]. This argument is further supported by the studies of Iroegbu et al [69], who demonstrated in their work, that due to the complex reaction that furfuryl alcohol can undergo during a polymerisation reaction, in varied reaction conditions, it has the potential to transfer or carry-over its monomeric functionality to the oligomeric and even, the polymeric states.…”

Section: Selected Uses/applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Chemicals: A Brief Survey of the Furans

et al. 2020

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Whether it is in the textiles, paints and coatings, energy sector, polymers, plastics, woods, sugar chemistry, pharmacy, aerospace and the automotive industries, the multiplicity of applications of furans and their derivatives, have made steady, impressive, and progressive impacts over the last 9 decades. After World War II, due to the shift in focus towards the petroleum-based chemical feedstocks, research, and development studies of these impressive class of lignocellulosic-derived chemicals, slowed down markedly. The trend, however, has reversed remarkably in recent time, due to the pursuit for "green" and sustainable chemical feedstocks, coupled with the increasing concerns over climate change, volatile oil prices and the attendant undesirable environmental issues, associated with fossil hydrocarbons. Chemicals obtained from "green" inedible lignocellulosic biomass, such as: the furans and their derivatives, ranks amongst the most promising, sustainable, and industrially applicable alternatives to various petroleum-derived chemicals; further offering an enormous assortment of unique compounds/materials, and properties analogous to and even exceeding those derived from fossil hydrocarbons. This article reviews selected progresses, so far made, in the field of furans and its derivatives and their application portfolios; while recognising the immense contributions of Peters and Dunlop, who in no small measures, advanced the furan chemical industry during their research efforts at the Oat Hull Research Centre at the Quaker Oats Company, Cedar Rapids, USA.

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“…These side reactions may have a significant impact on the final polymer structure. Indeed, opening furan rings during the FA polymerization, leads to a lower final crosslinking density by decreasing Diels-Alder reaction, resulting on direct impact on the mechanical properties of the final polymer [26]. Furthermore, obtaining these opened furan structures is amplified by the addition of protic polar solvents suggesting disruption mechanisms of FA polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FA Polymerization Disruption by Protic Polar Solvent

Falco¹,

Guigo²,

Vincent³

et al. 2018

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Furfuryl alcohol (FA) is a biobased monomer derived from lignocellulosic biomass. The present work describes its polymerization in presence of protic polar solvents, i.e. water or isopropyl alcohol (IPA), using maleic anhydride (MA) as acidic initiator. The polymerization was followed from the liquid to the rubbery state by combining DSC and DMA data. In the liquid state, IPA disrupts the expected reactions during all the FA polymerization due to a stabilization of the furfuryl carbenium center. This causes the initiation of the polymerization at higher temperature, which is also reflected by higher activation energy. In water system, the MA opening allows to start the reaction at lower temperature. A higher pre-exponential factor value is obtained in that case. The DMA study of final branching reaction occurring in the rubbery state has highlighted continuous increase of elastic modulus until 290 °C. This increasing tendency of modulus was exploited to obtain activation energy dependences (Eα) of FA polymerization in the rubbery state.

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Opening Furan for Tailoring Properties of Bio‐based Poly(Furfuryl Alcohol) Thermoset

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Humin based resin for wood modification and property improvement

Humin based resin for wood modification and property improvement

Sustainable Chemicals: A Brief Survey of the Furans

The FA Polymerization Disruption by Protic Polar Solvent

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