OPENGEOLOGY.ORG: A Free Textbook for College-Level introductory Geology Classes

Johnson, Christopher H.; Inkenbrandt, Paul C.; Affolter, Matt; Mosher, Cam

doi:10.1130/abs/2017am-307489

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…These were chosen because they both fall within larger disciplines (i.e., psychology and geology) and are typically less well-known than other domains in those disciplines. All topics and experimental materials were based on college textbook chapters (i.e., Earle, 2015; Goldstein & Brockmole, 2017; Johnson et al, 2017; Kalat, 2011, 2017; Weiten, 2017; Wincander & Monroe, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval-based learning and prior knowledge.

Buchin¹,

Mulligan²

2022

Journal of Educational Psychology

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Retrieval practice typically benefits later memory more than restudy (i.e., the testing effect). The benefits of retrieval-based learning generalize across a range of materials and contexts, leading many cognitive scientists to advocate for broad educational implementation. However, educators and practitioners call for more research on factors critical to education (e.g., individual differences between learners). One key understudied factor is the amount of relevant prior knowledge held by the learner, which can moderate the effectiveness of other learning strategies (i.e., expertise-reversal effects). The current study investigated the potential moderating influence of prior knowledge on the learning benefits of retrieval. To assess the causal effects of prior knowledge on later learning strategy effectiveness, we randomly assigned online participants to be trained in multiple topics within one of two academic domains over 3 days. Participants then engaged in a more typical testing effect paradigm-they studied new scientific text passages related to their trained or untrained domain and completed two rounds of focused restudy or retrieval with elaborative feedback (repeated for the other domain). Two days later, participants took a final test on the previously learned information from both domains. Despite being rated as more effortful than restudy, retrieval practice led to greater overall test performance (with larger relative benefits on retention than transfer questions). Critically, despite a substantial benefit from training-induced knowledge, testing effects were nearly identical for high and low prior knowledge information. This suggests that prior knowledge is not a critical boundary condition of retrieval-based learning. Educational Impact and Implications StatementThis study compared the effectiveness of two learning strategies, restudy (i.e., focused restudying of examples or key ideas) versus retrieval practice (i.e., short answer practice questions with detailed feedback), for learners with low versus high prior knowledge of the to-be-learned scientific text passages. Retrieval practice led to greater overall performance than focused restudy (i.e., about þ10% or one letter grade higher) and these benefits were similar for learners with low and high prior knowledge. This indicates that retrieval practice is more effective than restudy when learning complex, educationally relevant information and that students with lower and higher levels of relevant prior knowledge will similarly benefit from retrieval-based learning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval-based learning and prior knowledge.

Buchin¹,

Mulligan²

2022

Journal of Educational Psychology

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“…It is believed to be responsible for rising coastal floods, sea levels and other environmental risks that call for mitigation and adaptation strategies [9]. The debate around climate change is primarily centred on causality [10]. While one school of thought believes climate change is caused by human activities (anthropogenic) such as deforestation, building, and burning of fossil fuel, the other school of thought (natural) holds that climate change is caused by natural events such as volcanic reactions, extreme temperatures and the like [10].…”

Section: Conceptualising Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The debate around climate change is primarily centred on causality [10]. While one school of thought believes climate change is caused by human activities (anthropogenic) such as deforestation, building, and burning of fossil fuel, the other school of thought (natural) holds that climate change is caused by natural events such as volcanic reactions, extreme temperatures and the like [10]. According to Johnson et al [10], there is overwhelming evidence from existing climate studies that support the anthropogenic position that humans cause climate change.…”

Section: Conceptualising Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While one school of thought believes climate change is caused by human activities (anthropogenic) such as deforestation, building, and burning of fossil fuel, the other school of thought (natural) holds that climate change is caused by natural events such as volcanic reactions, extreme temperatures and the like [10]. According to Johnson et al [10], there is overwhelming evidence from existing climate studies that support the anthropogenic position that humans cause climate change. These include a report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that shows that 97 per cent of climate scientists agree that climate warming is from human activities.…”

Section: Conceptualising Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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Communication and Raising Citizen's Consciousness of Climate Change Challenges and Adaptation in Nigeria

Azu

Alakwe²

2023

IJECC

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The global impact of climate change remains a grave concern to every nation, from severe droughts in East Africa to wildfires in Australia and extreme floods and landslides in India, Nepal and Bangladesh, and, recently, the devastating floods witnessed in Nigeria, climate change challenges continue to escalate. Climate change is driving people out of their homes and ushering in a world of poverty. Extant literature avers that at the centre of mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and stimulating the desired action is communication. Consequently, this paper seeks to interrogate the centrality of communication as a tool in the hands of policymakers, the media and international donor agencies in stimulating public consciousness in Nigeria towards climate change challenges and adaptation. Leveraging a quantitative and exploratory approach and using surveys with structured and unstructured questionnaire questions, the study exposed gaps in citizens' knowledge of the causes of climate change and revealed the level of awareness of climate change challenges, people's attitudes to climate change, sources of information, and desired medium of communication among the Nigerian public. The study highlights the interplay between the contents of climate change communication and actionable steps that are easy to be understood and relatively simple to be followed by the citizens. Finally, the paper contends that much more needs to be done in sensitising citizens on climate change while suggesting a combination of alternative communication strategies that promise to stimulate citizens' awareness of climate change challenges and adaptation in Nigeria.

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“…Environmental scientists have linked the root of greenhouse gas emissions to humans by collecting carbon isotope fingerprints. Fossil fuels produce ratios of stable carbon-13 to carbon-12 that differs from the stable carbon ratio in Earth’s atmosphere [ 10 ]. Compared to signatures collected from Antarctic Ice Sheets that show stable carbon isotopic signatures from ~1000 AD to ~1800 AD followed by a steady change in isotopic signature since 1800 and rapid change since 1950, carbon isotopic signatures from fossil fuels are increasing as a percentage [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Mental Health: A Review of Empirical Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications

Crane

Subramanian

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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Anthropogenic climate change is an existential threat whose influences continue to increase in severity. It is pivotal to understand the implications of climate change and their effects on mental health. This integrative review aims to summarize the relevant evidence examining the harm climate change may have on mental health, suggest potential mechanisms and discuss implications. Empirical evidence has begun to indicate that negative mental health outcomes are a relevant and notable consequence of climate change. Specifically, these negative outcomes range from increased rates of psychiatric diagnoses such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder to higher measures of suicide, aggression and crime. Potential mechanisms are thought to include neuroinflammatory responses to stress, maladaptive serotonergic receptors and detrimental effects on one’s own physical health, as well as the community wellbeing. While climate change and mental health are salient areas of research, the evidence examining an association is limited. Therefore, further work should be conducted to delineate exact pathways of action to explain the mediators and mechanisms of the interaction between climate change and mental health.

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OPENGEOLOGY.ORG: A Free Textbook for College-Level introductory Geology Classes

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Retrieval-based learning and prior knowledge.

Retrieval-based learning and prior knowledge.

Communication and Raising Citizen's Consciousness of Climate Change Challenges and Adaptation in Nigeria

Climate Change and Mental Health: A Review of Empirical Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications

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