Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic application of a sol‐gel matrix with chilli peppers, garlic, or synthetic additives

Abstract

This article describes a possible combination of two promising fields of analytical chemistry—the preparation of sol‐gel matrices with varying additives and their application in capillary electrochromatography. The inner surfaces of capillaries were coated with the sol‐gel solution containing either pure synthetic chemical additive—alliin or capsaicin—or an extract of their natural sources—garlic and chilli pepper, respectively. The modified capillaries were tested for interaction with two neurotransmitters, oligopeptides and nucleotides under conditions of open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography. Because both of the natural extracts also contain vitamin C and saccharose, the capillaries with sol‐gel modifiers containing each of these substances were also tested. The obtained results from the perspective of changes in the electrochromatograms and the effective mobilities of analytes are discussed with respect to mild conditions both in the preparation process of the sol‐gel matrix and during the separations.

Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019–mid 2021)

“…A special mode of CEC is the OT‐CEC, where the thin‐layer stationary phase is covalently bound or physically adsorbed to the inner capillary wall. Several oligopeptides and other biomolecules (nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides) were separated by OT‐CEC in 75/375 μm id/od, 27.0/20.5 cm total/effective length FS capillary with stationary phase containing either pure synthetic compounds (alliin or capsaicin) or an extract from their natural sources (chili peppers and garlic) [144]. Using the mobile phase composed of 50 mM Na 2 CO 3 + H 3 PO 4 , pH 7.4, the resolutions of the above analytes were higher than those achieved by CZE in a bare FS capillary.…”

“…CEC separations of peptides and proteins have been performed in different separation modes, with RP [142], affinity [144], mixed-mode [145,146], and cationic or anionic ion-exchange stationary phases, in classical FS capillary columns as well as in microfluidic chips. Glycinemodified organic polymeric monolithic column with powerful hydrophilic selectivity and zwitterionic feature was prepared using allylglycine monomer and the cross-linker 1,3,5triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine by in situ copolymerization [147].…”

Recent applications and chiral separation development based on stationary phases in open tubular capillary electrochromatography (2019–2022)

“…13 ), electrochromatography combined with turbidimetry can be used to evaluate affinity interactions between small molecules and platelets, as well as antiplatelet aggregation activity induced by small molecules [ 115 ]. In the sol-gel solution-coated OT column, after alliin or capsaicin (in two forms: extracted from plants or just pure synthetic chemical additives) was modified on the capillary inner wall, it could separate two neurotransmitters, oligopeptides, and nucleotides [ 116 ].

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What the Microscale Systems “See” In Biological Assemblies: Cells and Viruses?

“…Then, the biomembrane suspension was pumped into the capillary at room temperature. Much attention has been paid to the sol–gel method because it could provide a simple way to immobilize biomolecules while sustaining the molecule’s functional activity. , The amino group existing in the cell membrane could react with an epoxy-containing sol–gel via covalent binding. The chromatographic property of drugs was monitored to explore biomembrane–drug interactions and to screen new drugs.…”