Open‐source intelligence for conservation biology

Katzner, Todd E.; Thomason, Eve C.; Huhmann, Karrin; Conkling, Tara J.; Concepcion, Camille B.; Slabe, Vince; Poessel, Sharon A.

doi:10.1111/cobi.13988

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Our approach is a time- and cost-effective method to study raptor diets, requiring minimal skill from the observer other than knowledge of key food items and access to the internet [ 23 ]. As a result, the increasing prevalence of open-source intelligence data in daily life [ 74 ], provides an accessible approach for researchers without access to large funds, time commitments required or the expertise necessary for long-term monitoring of multiple populations. Assuming that the study species is well-sampled this approach can be applied to many other predatory species, including those that are inconspicuous or more challenging to study in the field, such as snakes [ 75 ], providing novel perspectives on our understanding of predator ecology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental scale dietary patterns in a New World raptor using web-sourced photographs

Panter,

Naude,

Barbar

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Dietary studies are essential to better understand raptor ecology and resource requirements through time and space, informing species habitat use, interspecific interactions and demographic rates. Methods used to collect data on raptor diets can constrain how dietary analyses can be interpreted. Traditional approaches to study raptor diets, such as analysis of pellets or prey remains, often provide dietary data at the local population level and tend to be restricted to pairs during the breeding season. The increasing use of citizen science data has the potential to provide dietary inferences at larger spatial, demographic and temporal scales. Using web-sourced photography, we explore continental-scale demographic and latitudinal dietary patterns between adult and non-adult Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus), throughout the species’ range across the Americas. We analysed 1,555 photographs of caracaras feeding and found no age effects on the probabilities of different food groups being included in photographs. The probability of reptiles being included in photographs of caracaras from the northern population was significantly higher than those from the southern population, with the opposite pattern for birds. There were significant latitudinal effects with the probabilities of fishes and invertebrates in the diet of northern caracaras increasing towards the equator. Contrastingly, the probability of mammals in the diet increased away from the equator for both populations. Assuming the focal species is well-sampled, web-sourced photography can improve our understanding of raptor diets at large-scales and complements more traditional approaches. This approach is more accessible to raptor researchers without access to the field or expertise in physical prey identification techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental scale dietary patterns in a New World raptor using web-sourced photographs

Panter,

Naude,

Barbar

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Similarly, Millsap and colleagues (64,65) provide initial evidence that demonstrates shooting mortalities are more common than previously assumed in both large and small-bodied adult raptor species in the western US. Recent studies also document illegal migratory bird shooting spillover from legal recreational or leisure shooting ("plinking") (82).…”

Section: North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Raptor persecution, conflict, and coexistence

Wallen,

Bickford

2024

Preprint

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How a society views wildlife—the values and meanings people attach to and the emotions evoked by a raptor species—determines the negative to positive outcomes of human–raptor interactions and raptor conservation writ large. Interactions of raptors and humans are shaped by legacies and contemporary patterns of persecution, conflict, and coexistence. Those interactions are steeped in historical and emergent ecological, social, political, cultural and economic realities. Those realities are likewise steeped in deep-rooted beliefs about the relationship between humans and nature. Views, values, meanings, and emotions are, therefore, central to raptor conservation and management. History reflects that societies view and value raptors, like other wildlife species, varyingly across continuums of threat/nonthreat or predator/pest, which convey specific sociocultural meanings and consequent actions. Societies either conflict or coexist with wildlife based on how they define species in relation to material, physical, and psychological boundaries associated with shared spaces, resources, and livelihoods. For contemporary raptor conservation and management, the human dimensions (HD) field and associated programs of human–wildlife interactions (HWI) are central to understand those boundaries.

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“…As mentioned, OSINT is used in many domains [39]. Gordon in [40] highlights the impact of OSINT methods in criminal investigations (also, to evaluate wildlife crimes [41]. Even though these methods help to find criminals, they also cause data privacy problems.…”

Section: Osint Research Opportunities and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Source Intelligence Opportunities and Challenges: a Review

Szymoniak,

Foks

2024

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Data files, photos, and videos on the internet are vast sources of information about the person who posted them. These files contain content about appearance, behaviour, views, and material status. Analyzing these files helps verify the accuracy of the content and helps verify the creation method. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram often post this information. Public databases provide information about enterprises, corporations, and public figures, enabling access to government trips, scientific articles, and company reputations. These resources help in understanding potential collaborations and identifying potential partners. Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is a collection of tools and methods for extracting information from publicly available sources. It helps verify the accuracy and authenticity of information, as seen in the FBI's 2020 investigation of a Philadelphia woman involved in protests and preparing precise attacks like spear phishing. In this manuscript, we present an upto-date overview of research that uses open-source methods and techniques. We will concentrate on the tools and methods advancing the cybersecurity industry. Studying the manuscript of OSINT opportunities and challenges can help readers understand the state of the art in theory and practice. We will also highlight the future directions and requirements for OSINT methods and the newly designed tools using these methods.

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Open‐source intelligence for conservation biology

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Continental scale dietary patterns in a New World raptor using web-sourced photographs

Continental scale dietary patterns in a New World raptor using web-sourced photographs

Raptor persecution, conflict, and coexistence

Open Source Intelligence Opportunities and Challenges: a Review

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