Open Ocean Aquaculture Engineering: Numerical Modeling

Tsukrov, Igor; Özbay, Mustafa Bilal; Swift, Michael; Çelıkkol, Barbaros; Fredriksson, David W.; Baldwin, Kenneth C.

doi:10.4031/mtsj.34.1.4

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The first occurred in the summer of 1999 with the installation of two 600 m 3 SeaStation™ fish cages, each with a submerged, grid-type mooring system (design and deployment details can be found in Tsukrov et al, 2000;Fredriksson et al, 2000;Baldwin et al, 2000). With this mooring system, the cages could either be kept at the surface for better access and greater dispersal of wastes or submerged to reduce loads from winds, waves and currents.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term seafloor monitoring at an open ocean aquaculture site in the western Gulf of Maine, USA: Development of an adaptive protocol

Grizzle

Ward

Fredriksson

et al. 2014

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term seafloor monitoring at an open ocean aquaculture site in the western Gulf of Maine, USA: Development of an adaptive protocol

Grizzle

Ward

Fredriksson

et al. 2014

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…The first design constraint requi system be deployed in the existing bottom composition consisted of meters of water, 10 Figure 2: The submerged gr obust mooring systems [2], systems were the focus of rational analysis program. studies were conducted to t numerical and physical veloped to cost-effectively uitable for deployment [5], not only expand bio-mass blish a multi-use mooring a variety of biological and Therefore the two small r four-grid mooring, shown t of additional containment ring system also allowed ng platforms [11], [12], [13], ring was recently recovered continuous deployment in s document presents and deployment history and ng.…”

Section: A Design Considerations and Crimentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a submerged grid mooring in the Gulf of Maine

DeCew

Baldwin

Çelıkkol

et al. 2010

Oceans 2010 MTS/Ieee Seattle

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The University of New Hampshire (UNH) developed and maintained an offshore aquaculture test site in the Western Gulf of Maine, south of the Isles of Shoals in approximately 50 m of water. This site was designed to have a permanent moored grid to which prototype fish cages or surface buoys could be attached for testing new designs and the viability of the structure in the exposed Gulf of Maine.In 1999, the first moorings deployed consisted of twin single bay grids each capable of each securing one fish cage. These systems were maintained until 2003. To expand the biomass capacity of the site, the single bay moorings were recovered and a new four bay submerged grid mooring was deployed within the same foot print of the previous twin systems. This unique system operated as a working platform to test various structures, including surface and submersible fish cages, feeding buoys and other supporting equipment.In addition, the expanded capability allowed aquaculture fish studies to be conducted along with engineering and new cage/feeder testing.The 4 bays of the mooring system were located 15 meters below the surface. These bays were supported by nine flotation elements. The system was secured to the seafloor on the sides with twelve catenary mooring legs, consisting of Polysteel® line, 27.5 m of 52 mm chain and a 1 ton embedment anchor, and in the center, with a single vertical line to a 2 ton weight. To size the mooring gear, the UNH software package Aqua-FE was employed. This program can apply waves and currents to oceanic structures, predicting system motions and mooring component tensions. The submerged grid was designed to withstand 9 meter, 8.8 second waves with a 1 m/s collinear current, when securing four fish cages.During its seven year deployment, the site regularly experienced extreme weather events, most notably a storm with a 9 m significant wave height, 10 second dominate period in April 2007. The maximum currents at the site were observed during internal solitary wave events when 0.75 m/s currents with 25 minute periods and 8 m duration were observed. The mooring was recovered in 2010 after 7 years of continuous deployment without problems. The dominate maintenance requirement of the mooring was the cleaning once a year of excessive mussel growth on the flotation elements and grid lines. No problems of anchor dragging or failure of mooring components were documented during the deployment. Upon recovery, critical mooring components were inspected and documented, focusing on items with wear or other areas of interest. The mooring proved to be a reliable, stable working platform for a variety of prototype ocean projects, highlighting the importance of a sound engineering approach taken in the design process.

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“…However, because of increased pollution associated with industrialization and urbanization, coastline development, and landfills and because of self-contamination of existing aquaculture facilities, bays and near-shore areas are gradually losing their value as suitable aquaculture sites. Consequently, increased attention has been focused on extending operations into the open ocean (Kim, 1999b;Fredriksson et al, 2000;Tsukrov et al, 2000), where waves and current are much larger than in nearshore areas. To design reliable systems that can withstand these conditions, stricter design criteria and novel engineering methods specific to open ocean environments are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic behavior and deformation analysis of the fish cage system using mass-spring model

Lee

Park

2015

China Ocean Eng

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Fish cage systems are influenced by various oceanic conditions, and the movements and deformation of the system by the external forces can affect the safety of the system itself, as well as the species of fish being cultivated. Structural durability of the system against environmental factors has been major concern for the marine aquaculture system. In this research, a mathematical model and a simulation method were presented for analyzing the performance of the large-scale fish cage system influenced by current and waves. The cage system consisted of netting, mooring ropes, floats, sinkers and floating collar. All the elements were modeled by use of the mass-spring model. The structures were divided into finite elements and mass points were placed at the mid-point of each element, and mass points were connected by springs without mass. Each mass point was applied to external and internal forces, and total force was calculated in every integration step. The computation method was applied to the dynamic simulation of the actual fish cage systems rigged with synthetic fiber and copper wire simultaneously influenced by current and waves. Here, we also tried to find a relevant ratio between buoyancy and sinking force of the fish cages. The simulation results provide improved understanding of the behavior of the structure and valuable information concerning optimum ratio of the buoyancy to sinking force according to current speeds.

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Open Ocean Aquaculture Engineering: Numerical Modeling

Cited by 66 publications

References 5 publications

Long-term seafloor monitoring at an open ocean aquaculture site in the western Gulf of Maine, USA: Development of an adaptive protocol

Long-term seafloor monitoring at an open ocean aquaculture site in the western Gulf of Maine, USA: Development of an adaptive protocol

Assessment of a submerged grid mooring in the Gulf of Maine

Dynamic behavior and deformation analysis of the fish cage system using mass-spring model

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